1. Name some food items obtained from plants.
Ans: We obtain fruits, vegetables, spinach, nuts, pulses etc. from plants.
2. Name some food items obtained from animals.
Ans: We obtain milk, meat, eggs, chicken, from animals.
3. What are nutrients? How do nutrients help us?
Ans:i) Nutrients are substances, present in the food.
ii) They provide us energy, help us to grow, keep us healthy, disease free and strong.
4. Name some nutrients present in our food.
Ans: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are the main nutrients in our food.
5. Name the nutrients which are called as energy giving foods.
Ans: Carbohydrates and fats are called as energy giving foods.
6. Why carbohydrates and fats called energy giving foods?
Ans: Carbohydrates and fats provide energy to our body, thereby, help it perform various functions.
7. What is the function of fats in our body?
Ans: i) Fats provide energy to our body.
ii) Fats also keep us warm.
8. Name some sources of carbohydrates.
Ans: Rice, wheat, maize, sugar, potatoes, honey and sugarcane, are some sources of carbohydrates.
9. Name some sources of fat.
Ans: Butter, oil, ghee, nuts and meat, are the sources of fat.
10. Which gives more energy carbohydrates or fats?
Ans: Fats give more energy than carbohydrates.
11. One gram of carbohydrate gives about ______ kilocalories of energy.
Ans: Four kilocalories
12. One gram of fat gives about ______ kilocalories of energy.
Ans: Nine kilocalories
13. What are body-building foods?
Ans: Foodstuffs, containing proteins, are called body building foods.
14. Name some food items which contain proteins.
Ans: Milk, eggs, pulses, cheese, fish and nuts, contain proteins.
15. Name two food items, obtained from animals, that are good sources of proteins.
Ans: Milk and eggs are good sources of proteins.
16. Name two food items, obtained from plants, that are good sources of proteins.
Ans: Pulses and nuts, are good sources of proteins.
17. State the main role of proteins for our body.
Ans: Proteins help our body to grow and repair the worn-out tissues.
18. Name the nutrients which are called protective foods.
Ans: Vitamins and minerals are called protective foods.
19. Why are vitamins and minerals called protective foods?
Ans: Vitamins and minerals, protect our body from diseases and keep us healthy. So, foodstuffs containing vitamins and minerals are called protective foods.
20. Name the different types of vitamins.
Ans: The different types of vitamins are, vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin K.
21. Our body needs _______ in small quantities.
Ans: Vitamins and minerals.
22. Name the sources of Vitamin A.
Ans: Spinach, yellow fruits like mango and papaya; carrot, butter, eggs are the sources of Vitamin A.
23. What is the function of Vitamin A in oour body?
Ans: Vitamin A is necessary for good eye-sight and healthy skin.
24. Name the sources of Vitamin B.
Ans: Green leafy vegetables, soyabean, milk, beans, peas are the sources of Vitamin B.
25. What is the importance of Vitamin B in our body?
Ans: Vitamin B is required for healthy skin and proper functioning of nerves.
26. Name the sources of Vitamin C.
Ans: Orange, lemon, amla, tomato, green vegetables are the sources of vitamin C.
27. Why Vitamin C is required by our body?
Ans: Vitamin C is needed for proper functioning of blood vessels, for keeping gums helathy, and for healing of wounds.
28. Name the Vitamin that our body makes in the presence of sunlight.
Ans: Our body makes vitamin D in the presence of sunlight.
29. Name the sources of Vitamin D.
Ans: Sunlight, milk, eggs, butter, fish, cod liver oil are the sources of vitamin D.
30. What is the importance of Vitamin D in our body?
Ans: Vitamin D helps our body to use calcium for strengthening our bones and teeth.
31. Name some minerals that are needed by our body.
Ans: Calcium, phosphorus, iron and iodine are some minerals that are needed by our body.
32. Name the sources of calcium.
Ans: Milk, green leafy vegetables are the sources of calcium.
33. What is the function of Calcium in our body?
Ans: Calcium is required for healthy bones and teeth.
34. Name the sources of Phosphorus.
Ans: Milk, egg, fish, green vegetables, pulses are the sources of phosphorus.
35. What is the importance of phosphorus in our body?
Ans: Phosphorus is needed for healthy bones and teeth.
36. Name two minerals that are required for healthy bones and teeth. Also mention one food source that contains both of them.
Ans:i) Calcium and Phosphorus are required for healthy bones and teeth.
ii) Milk contains both calcium and phosphorus.
37. Name the sources of iron.
Ans: Pulses, nuts, spinach, beans, apples, are the sources of iron.
38. How iron helps our body?
Ans: Iron is required for the formation of haemoglobin in our blood and to protect us from infections.
39. Name the sources of Iodine.
Ans: Iodised table salt, sea foods like fish and prawns are the sources of iodine.
40. Why iodine is necessary?
Ans: Iodine is necessary for normal growth and development of the body.
41. What is roughage?
Ans: Roughage is a fibre present in the food.
42. Why is it advisable to eat food items like whole fruits, salads and whole grains?
Ans: i) Whole fruits, salads and whole grains contain fibres or roughage.
ii) These fibres helps our body to get rid of undigested food.
iii) Fibres also help us to avoid over-eating.
So, it is advisable to eat food items like whole fruits, salads and whole grains to get fibres.
43. Why do we say that water is essential for proper functioning of our body?
Ans:i) Water helps in digestion of food and absorption of nutrients in our body.
ii) It also helps in throwing out wastes from the body.
Thus, water is essential for our body to function properly.
44. We should drink at least ________ glasses of water everyday.
Ans: Eight to ten
45. Sugar contains carbohydrates, but lacks ______, _____ and ______.
Ans: Fats, proteins and minerals.
46. Define a balanced diet.
Ans: A diet which contains all the nutrients, roughage and water, in right amounts, is called a balanced diet.
47. Why should we eat a balanced diet?
Ans: i) All nutrients are not available in any one food item.
ii) Absence of any one nutrient from our diet, over the years, can affect our growth and proper functioning of the body.
iii) A balanced diet contains all the nutrients, roughage and water in appropriate amounts.
So, we should eat a balanced diet.
48. ‘Old people need less of proteins, carbohydrates and fats than young children.’ Justify this statement.
Ans:i) Young children are very active, as they do a lot of work. They require more energy and strength. So, they need more proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
ii) But, old people are not very active. They need less energy. So, they need less carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
LEARNING SCIENCE
Tuesday 13 October 2020
STD-4, CHAPTER-7: FOOD, EXTRA QUESTION AND ANSWERS
STD-3, CHAPTER-6: FEEDING HABITS OF ANIMALS, EXTRA QAs
1. Why do animals need food?
Ans: Animals need food for their growth and energy.
2. From where animals get their food?
Ans: Animals get their food from plants and other animals.
3. Why do animals depend on plants and other animals?
Ans: Animals cannot prepare food themselves. So, they depend on plants, or other animals, for their food.
4. What are herbivorous animals?
Ans: Plant eating animals are called herbivorous animals.
5. Name some Herbivorous animals.
Ans: Some herbivorous animals are, Cow, goat, giraffe, monkey and elephant.
6. Why monkey is called a herbivorous animal?
Ans: Monkey is a herbivorous animal, because it eats only plant products.
7. What are carnivorous animals?
Ans: Flesh eating animals are called carnivorous animals.
(Or) Those animals who eat other animals and animal products only, are called carnivorous animals.
8. Name some carnivorous animals.
Ans: Lion, hyena, snake, frog and tiger, are some carnivorous animals.
9. Name some animals who hunt and eat other animals.
Ans: Hyena, lion, snake and frog, hunt other animals and eat them.
10. Name some animals who eat the remains of dead animals.
Ans: Fox and vulture, eat the remains of dead animals.
11. Why hyena is a carnivorous animal?
Ans: Hyena is a carnivorous animal, because it eats other animals.
12. What are omnivorous animals?
Ans: Animals which eat both plants and animals, are called omnivorous animals.
13. Name some omnivorous animals.
Ans: Bear, crow, rat and jackal, are some omnivorous animals.
14. Bear lives in the forest. But, why it is called an omnivorous animal?
Ans: Bear eats both plant and animal product. So, it is called an omnivorous animal.
15. State one difference between herbivorous and omnivorous animals. Give one example of each type.
Ans: i) Herbivorous animals only eat plant products. Omnivorous animals eat both plant and animal products.
ii) Two herbivorous animals are, cow and goat. Two omnivorous animals are, crow and dog.
16. “Different animals eat different types of food.” Explain.
Ans: Different animals have different shapes of their mouth, jaws and teeth. So, different animals eat different types of food depending on the shape of their mouth, jaws, and teeth.
17. Name some animals who do not use their teeth to bite or chew the food?
Ans: Frog, lizard and snake do not use their teeth to bite or chew the food.
18. How does a frog/ a lizard take its food?
Ans: A frog/ a snake catches its prey with the help of its sticky tongue.
19. How do frogs/ snakes/ lizards have their food?
Ans: Frogs/ snakes/ lizards swallow their food.
20. “Snakes can eat animals which are bigger than them in size.” Justify this statement.
Ans: Snakes can open their mouth very wide to swallow its prey. So, snakes can eat animals which are bigger than them in size.
21. Explain the term ‘chewing the cud’?
Ans: Grass eating animals first nibble their food and put it inside their bodies. When they relax, they bring back part of the food into their mouths and then chew it properly. This is called ‘chewing the cud’.
22. Name some animals who chew their cud?
Ans: Cows, buffalo and camels, chew their cud.
23. Which type of teeth help the grazing animals in chewing?
Ans: The strong and broad back teeth help the grazing animals in chewing.
24. Which type of teeth help cows/ camel?
Ans: Their strong and broad back teeth, help them.
25. Name some animals who tear the flesh.
Ans: Lion, dog, fox, and cats, tear their flesh.
26. Which type of teeth help in tearing the flesh?
Ans: The sharp and pointed front teeth help in tearing the flesh.
27. Which types of teeth are used by flesh eating animals?
Ans: Animals use their sharp pointed front teeth for tearing the flesh. They then chew the food with their grinding teeth.
28. Name the type of teeth that squirrels have. Name two more animals having the same type of teeth.
Ans: Squirrels have sharp pointed chisel like teeth. Two more animals having the same type of teeth are, rabbit and rat.
29. What are gnawing animals?
Ans: Animals who bite their food repeatedly, are called gnawing animals.
30. Name two animals which gnaw their food.
Ans: Two animals which gnaw their food are, rabbit and rat.
31. How the rat is able to bite even hard and rough food grains?
Ans: The rat is having sharp front chisel like teeth. So, a rat is able to bite even hard and rough food grains.
32. How do insects (butterfly and mosquito) have their food?
Ans: Insects like butterfly and mosquitoes, have a long hollow tube like structure. This helps them to suck their food.
33. How do leeches have their food?
Ans: Leeches attach themselves to some other animal and suck its blood.
34. How the elephant uses its trunk?
Ans: i) An elephant uses its trunk to pluck leaves and push them into its mouth.
ii) The trunk also helps the elephant in sucking water.
35. Suggest some ways that can help us in taking care of domestic animals.
Ans: i) Animals, which give us milk, need to be fed with grains, green fodder and lots of clean water.
ii) Poultry birds, like hen and duck, should be fed with grains and water.
iii) The shelter of all domestic animals should be clean, dry, and airy.
iv) Pet animals need to be protected from hot and cold weather.
v) Sick animals should be separated from healthy ones and got treated. They should be taken to a veterinary doctor immediately.
36. Suggest the kind of food that can be given to birds like pigeons.
Ans: Pigeons can be fed with grains and water.
STD-5, CHAPTER-8: PROPERTIES OF WATER, EXTRA QUESTION ANSWERS
1. When is a substance said to be dissolved in water?
Ans: When a substance completely mixes in water, such that its particles aew no visible, it is said to have got dissolved in water.
2. Define a soluble substance.
Ans: A substance which dissolves in water is said to be soluble in it.
3. Name some substances which are soluble in water.
Ans: Sugar, salt and lemon juice are all soluble in water.
4. Define a solution.
Ans: When a substance dissolves completely in any medium, we get a solution.
5. Define a solute.
Ans: The substance, that gets dissolved in a medium to form a solution, is called a solute.
6. What is a solvent?
Ans: The medium, in which the substance is dissolved, is called a solvent.
7. Identify the solute and solvent in a nimboo-pani drink.
Ans: In a nimboo-pani drink, Water is the solvent whereas sugar, salt and lemon juice are all solutes.
8. Define insoluble substances.
Ans: The substances that do not get dissolved in water are said to be insoluble substances (in water).
9. Name two substances that are insoluble in water.
Ans: Pebbles, saw dust, chalk powder etc. are insoluble in water.
10. Name two liquids which are soluble in water.
Ans: Lemon juice and vinegar are soluble in water.
11. Name two liquids which are insoluble in water.
Ans: Kerosene and vegetable oils
12. Name the liquids which forms a layer above water.
Ans: Kerosene, vegetable oils, hair oils etc. form a layer above water.
13. Name the liquid which forms a layer below water.
Ans: Carbon tetrachloride forms a layer below water.
14. Name two gases which are soluble in water.
Ans: Carbon dioxide and oxygen
15. Name one gas which is not soluble in water.
Ans: Nitrogen
16. The materials, which do not dissolve in water, either ______ on its surface or _____ to the bottom of the container.
Ans: The materials, which do not dissolve in water, either float on its surface or sink to the bottom of the container.
17. Name some solids which sink in water.
Ans: Sand, coins, pebbles, carbon tetra chloride, iron nails, marbles etc. sink in water.
18. Name some solids which float on water.
Ans: Cork, Butter paper, thermocole, saw dust, float on water.
19. Name two liquids which float on water.
Ans: Hair oil, mustard oil, float on water.
20. Name one liquid which sinks in water.
Ans: Carbon tetrachloride
21. Name the three forms of water.
Ans: Water exists in liquid, solid and vapour form.
22. How can we change one form of water into another?
Ans: By changing temperature
23. What do we understand by the terms ‘evaporation’ and ‘condensation’?
Ans: i) Change of a liquid into its vapour form is called Evaporation.
ii) Change of vapour form of a substance into its liquid form, on cooling, is called condensation.
24. Define water cycle.
Ans: The cyclic process, of evaporation of water from the earth’s surface, followed by its condensation, is called water cycle in nature.
25. How does rain water get impure?
Ans: By the time, rain water reach the surface of the earth, they become impure, because they dissolve many harmful gases present in air and also get dust and smoke mixed up with them.
26. Define transpiration.
Ans: Transpiration is the loss of water from parts of plants, especially leaves.
27. How transpiration plays a key role in cloud formation?
Ans: Transpiration adds to the amount of water vapour present in the air. Thus, it plays a role in cloud formation.