STD-3, CHAPTER-9, COOKING AND EATING HABITS, EXTRA QUESTION ANSWERS

 1.      In what form, early man used to eat food?

Ans: Early man used to eat food in raw form.

2.      When did human learn to cook food?

Ans: After the discovery of ‘fire’, human learnt to cook food.

3.      What are the benefits of cooking food?

Ans: i) Cooking makes food soft, tasty and easily digestible.

ii) Cooked food can be preserved for a longer time.

iii) Cooking also makes the food germ free and safe to eat.

4.      Write two benefits of eating cooked food.

Ans: i) Cooked food is free from germs. So, it is safe to eat.

ii) Cooked food is also easy to digest.

5.      What can happen to vegetables when they are over cooked?

Ans: Vegetables contain many nutrients. When vegetables are over cooked, these nutrients are destroyed.

6.      Why should we wash the fruits and vegetables before eating?

Ans: We should wash the fruits and vegetables before eating to remove dust and impurities.

7.      List the different methods of cooking.

Ans: The different methods of cooking are,

i)       Boiling

ii)     Steaming

iii)   Baking

iv)   Frying

v)     Direct heating

8.      Name the methods of cooking which require water.

Ans: Boiling and steaming require water.

9.      Name some food items which are prepared by boiling.

Ans: Pulses, eggs, can be cooked by boiling. Milk is also boiled before consuming.

10.  Name the device/ utensil which is often used for boiling.

Ans: Pressure cooker is often used for boiling.

11.  How can you prepare dal?

Ans: i) First boil the seeds of particular plants.

ii) Add some spices to them, before eating.

12.  Which utensil is used for boiling eggs?

Ans: A metal bowl can be used for boiling eggs.

13.  Why should we boil milk before consuming?

Ans: i) Boiling kills germs that can spoil the milk.

ii) Boiling helps to preserve milk for a longer time.

So, we should boil milk before consuming.

14.  How steam is obtained?

Ans: Steam is obtained by boiling water.

15.  Name two food items which are prepared by the process of steaming.

Ans: Foods, like idli and dhokla, are prepared by the method of cooking.

16.  Write the benefits of steaming.

Ans: i) Steaming shortens the duration of cooking.

ii) Steaming helps to conserve the nutritive value of the food.

iii) Steam cooked food is also easy to digest.

17.  Name the vessel (utensil) used for steaming purpose.

Ans: A deep vessel or a steamer is used for steaming purpose.

18.  Define ‘baking’.

Ans: Indirect heating, with or without using oil, is known as baking.

19.  Name the food items prepared by baking.

Ans: Cakes, biscuits and breads are made by baking.

20.  How is baking done?

Ans: i) Baking is done by indirect heating, with or without using oil.

ii) It is mainly done in an oven.

21.  How are pakodas and jalebis prepared?

Ans: Pakodas and Jalebis are prepared by frying their ingredients in hot oil.

22.  Differentiate between boiling and frying.

Ans:

Boiling	Frying
It requires water.	It requires oil.
It is a healthy method of cooking food.	It is not a very healthy method of cooking food.

23.  Why it is advised to avoid fried food?

Ans: Fried food contains too much oil, which is not good for our health. So, it is advised to avoid fried food.

24.  Name the oldest method of cooking known to man.

Ans: ‘Direct heating’ is the oldest method of cooking food.

25.  Name the food item which is made by the direct heating method.

Ans: Chappatis are usually made by the direct heating method.

26.  Direct heating is done by keeping the food over _____.

Ans: Fire or Flame.

27.  Which utensil is used for making chappatis?

Ans: A griddle (tawa) is used for making chappatis.

28.  What are utensils?

Ans: Utensils are the containers that may be used for cooking or storing food.

29.  List some utensils used for cooking.

Ans: Some utensils are, pressure cooker, metal bowl, griddle (tawa), etc.

STD-3, CHAPTER-8: FOOD, EXTRA QUESTION ANSWERS

 1.      Why the living things need food?

Ans:i) Living things need food to live, grow and remain healthy.

ii) Food also gives us energy to do work.

2.      Name the two sources of our food.

Ans: The two sources of our food are, plants and animals.

3.      Who is a vegetarian?

Ans: The person who eats only plant products like vegetables, fruits and milk (animal product) is called a vegetarian.

4.      Who is a non-vegetarian?

Ans: The person who loves to eat fish, meat, chicken, eggs, is called as non-vegetarian.

5.      Which one is better- to be a vegetarian or nonvegetarian.

Ans: It is always better to be a vegetarian.

6.       Name the parts of plants which are used as food.

Ans: We eat seeds, fruits, roots, stems, leaves of the plants.

7.      Name the plants whose seeds are taken as food.

Ans: Seeds of Wheat plant, Rice plant, Corn plant, maize plant, are taken as food.

8.      How wheat flour is obtained?

Ans: Wheat flour is obtained by grinding the seeds (grains) of wheat.

9.      Name the food items prepared from wheat flour.

Ans: Chappatis and bread, are prepared from wheat flour.

10.  Name the food products obtained from the seeds of wheat.

Ans: We obtain wheat flour, Dalia, sooji (rawa) and maida, from the seeds of wheat.

11.  How are dosas and idlis prepared?

Ans: Dosas and idlis are prepared from a paste of ground rice and dal.

12.  Name some cereals.

Ans: Wheat, rice and corn are some of the cereals.

13.  How do cereals help us?

Ans: Cereals give us energy to do work.

14.  Name some pulses.

Ans: Different kinds of dal, peas, grams, are the pulses.

15.  Why should we eat pulses?

Ans: We should eat pulses, as they help us to grow.

16.  The seeds which are generally eaten raw, are the ______.

Ans: Nuts

17.  Name some nuts.

Ans: Peanuts, walnuts, cashewnuts and almonds are some nuts.

18.  Why do we need to eat nuts?

Ans: Nuts can provide a lot of energy to us and keep our body warm. So, we should eat nuts.

19.  What are green vegetables?

Ans: Leaves, which are cooked and taken as food, are called green vegetables.

20.  Name some leaves which are cooked before eating.

Ans: Spinach, fenugreek (methi), cabbage and mustard are cooked before eating.

21.  Name the leaves which are used for garnishing and flavouring our food.

Ans: Leaves of coriander, mint and curry plant are used for garnishing and flavouring our food.

22.  Why are leaves important for us?

Ans: Leaves protect us from diseases. So, they are important for us.

23.  Name the stems which are used as food.

Ans: Potato, onion, ginger and stem of lotus (kamal kakri) are taken as food.

24.  Potato is an ________ stem.

Ans: Potato is an underground stem.

25.  Name the roots which are eaten as food.

Ans: The roots which are taken as food are, carrot, radish, turnip and beetroot.

26.  Name some sweet and juicy fruits. (OR)  Name some fruits which are eaten raw.

Ans: Mangoes, oranges, grapes, muskmelons and watermelons are some juicy fruits which are eaten raw.

27.  Name some fruits which are eaten as vegetables (after cooking).

Ans: Brinjal, ladyfinger are eaten after cooking as vegetables.

28.  Name the fruit which can be eaten raw as well as cooked.

Ans: Tomatoes

29.   Why are green vegetables and fruits important for us?

Ans:i) Green vegetables protect us from diseases.

ii) Fruits keep us fit and healthy. They also protect us from diseases.

So, green vegetables and fruits are important for us.

30.  List some animal products that we eat.

Ans: Animal products like milk, eggs, meat and fish, are some of the animal products that we eat.

31.  Name the animals who give us milk.

Ans: Cow, buffalo and goat provide us milk.

32.  Name some food products where milk is used.

Ans: Curd, cheese, ice cream, kheer, etc., are the food products where milk is used.

33.  _____ is considered to be a complete food.

Ans: Milk

34.  Why is milk considered to be complete food?

(OR) Why are milk and milk products, regarded as ‘good food’ for one and all?

(OR) Why is milk important for growing children?

Ans: i) Milk is a very good source of nutrients for one and all.

ii) It helps us to grow, gives us energy and protects us from diseases.

So, it is regarded as ‘good food’ for one and all and is very important for growing children.

35.  Name the birds who give us eggs.

Ans: Poultry birds like hen, goose and duck give us eggs.

36.   List the factors on which the intake of food of different persons depend.

Ans: The factors on which intake of food depends are,

i)       Age of the person

ii)     Occupation of the person

iii)   Type of physical activity

iv)   Gender of the person

37.  Ramesh is a labour, working at the construction sites. Suresh, is a bank officer. Who do you think needs more food to eat? And why?

Ans:i) Ramesh needs more food to eat.

ii) As Ramesh is doing more physical activity than Suresh, so he needs more energy.

38.  How the food habits of a person depends on his/her age?

Ans: i) From birth, till about four months of age, small babies take milk only.

ii) When a child is nearly six months of age, he/she is given soft pieces of fruit and semi-solid foods. The child continues to take milk also.

iii)Growing children and young persons, need to eat proper amounts of a balanced diet.

iv)In old ages, people prefer easily digestible simple food.

39.  Name the food items which are included in a balanced diet?

Ans: The balanced diet include rice, vegetables, chappatis, dal, dosa, idli, uttapam, sambhar, fruits, nuts, milk and milk products.

40.  What is over eating? How it affects our body?

Ans:i) Eating too much is called over eating.

ii) Over eating makes us fat or obese.

iii)We will not be very active and healthy.

STD-3, CHAPTER-7: BIRDS AND THEIR NESTS, EXTRA QUESTION-ANSWERS

1.      Why are birds called as ‘aerial animals’?

Ans: Birds can fly in air. So, they are called aerial animals.

2.      Write the special features of birds that help them to fly.

Ans: Birds can fly in air, because they have,

i)   Hollow bones, which make their body light.

ii) Wings that are made up of light feathers.

iii)  Pointed, sharp, boat shaped body.

iv)  Tail, which helps them while changing the direction.

3.      Name some birds which cannot fly.

Ans: Penguin, ostrich, kiwi, are some birds which cannot fly. (others are, Steamer duck, Weka, Kakapo,  Takahe and Cassowary)

4.      Why are birds very light in weight?

Ans: Birds are very light in weight because their body is made up of hollow bones.

5.      Why penguin and some other birds cannot fly?

Ans: As penguins and some other birds have quite heavy bodies, so they cannot fly.

6.      How do the birds use their beaks and claws?

Ans: Birds use their beaks and claws to catch food and to build their nests.

7.      There are about ______ kinds of birds.

Ans: 10,000

8.      Name the smallest bird.

Ans: Humming bird is the smallest bird.

9.      Name the largest bird.

Ans: Ostrich is the largest bird.

10.  What is a nest?

Ans: A nest is a bird’s home.

11.  List some places where we find birds’ nests.

Ans: We find birds’ nests on trees, on the terraces of buildings, on electricity poles, on the top of almirah, behind the shelf, in the meter room and many other places.

12.  List some materials used by various birds to make their nests.

Ans: Different things like twigs, straws, leaves, feathers, cotton, small paper-bits, mud, wires and small wooden pieces, are used by various birds to make their nests.

13.  How are nests useful for birds?

Ans: i) Nests protect the birds from enemies and bad weather.

ii) Birds lay their eggs and hatch them in the nests.

iii) Birds keep their young ones safe and warm in their nests. The chicks stay there, till they are old enough to fly.

14.  Why do birds make sounds?

Ans: Birds make sounds,

                                          i)  to communicate about danger, food and

                                          ii) to locate one another.

15.  Birds start making their nests usually in the month of-

Ans: April

16.  Birds are very busy during the month of _____.

Ans: April

17.  Name three birds who work in pairs to make their nests.

Ans: The sparrow, sunbird and dove work in pairs to make their nests.

18.  Where can we find a sparrow’s nest?

Ans: We can find a sparrow’s nest, between the branches of a tree, on the top of almirah, behind the shelf, in the meter room or any other such corner.

19.  Name the materials used by a crow to make its nest.

Ans: A crow uses all types of material, like wires and small wooden pieces, to make its nest.

20.  Where does the crow build its nest?

Ans: The crow builds its nest on, or near, the topmost branches of a tree.

21.  How does a tailor bird make its nest?

Ans: i) A tailor bird stitches the leaves with the help of its beak using small twigs as thread to make its nest.

ii) It uses straws, soft twigs and feathers, inside the nest, to make a cushion.

22.  Which bird makes a tuk-tuk sound, while making its nest in a tree trunk?

Ans: A barbet or a coppersmith, makes tuk-tuk sound, while making its nest in a tree trunk.

23.  When, and where, does a barbet make its nest?

Ans: In summers, a barbet makes its nest in the holes of tree trunk.

24.  Name the materials used by the sunbird to make its nest.

Ans: The sunbird uses plant fibres, grass, spiderweb and feathers for making its nests.

25.  How the nesting habit of weaver bird is different from other birds?

Ans: i) In case of weaver birds, it is the male who weaves the nest.

ii) The male bird weaves the nest beautifully in different shapes.

iii) The female bird chooses a nest where she feels most comfortable.

26.  Name the materials used by penguins to make their nest.

Ans: Penguins make their nest by using stones and pebbles.

27.  Why the penguin uses stones and pebbles to make its nest?

Ans:i) Penguins live in very cold places.

ii) It is difficult to find twigs, grass, or straw in such places.

iii) So, the penguins collect stones and pebbles to make their nests.  

28.  Name the bird who sings sweetly.

Ans: Koel sings sweetly.

29.  Name the bird which does not make its nest.

Ans: Koel does not make its nest.

30.  Where does the koel lay its egg?

Ans: The koel lays its eggs in the crow’s nest.

31.  What happens to the eggs laid by the koel in the crow’s nest?

Ans: The crow hatches the koel’s eggs along with its own eggs.

32.  “The birds have a challenging job.”- Justify this statement.

Ans:i) At times, some animals like cats, rats and other large birds break the nest of the bird.

ii) Thus, the birds have a challenging job to protect their eggs and young ones.

33.  Why we should not break the nests of birds?

Ans: i) Making a nest is a time-consuming task.

ii) Also, the birds have a challenging job to protect their eggs and young ones from enemies and weather. So, we should not break the nests of birds.

34.  What do you mean by migration?

Ans: Moving from one place to another is called as migration.

35.  Describe the causes of migration of birds. (OR)  Why do birds migrate?

Ans: Birds migrate from one place to another,

i)         To search food

ii)       To protect themselves from extreme cold.

iii)     To escape their enemies.

36.  Name some migratory birds.  (OR) Name the birds who migrate to India during winters.

Ans: Siberian crane, painted stork, flamingo, rosypelican, migrate to India during winters.

37.  When do the migratory birds return to their cooler homes?

Ans: The migratory birds return to their cooler homes when summer starts.

38.  Name the bird who travels a distance of 1,76,000 kilometres, from the Arctic region to the Antarctic region.

Ans: The arctic tern

39.  Name region which is the natural home of the Arctic tern.

Ans: The Arctic region is the natural home of the Arctic tern.