STD-4, CHAPTER-5, BIRDS: BEAKS AND CLAWS, EXERCISE QUESTION ANSWERS

 A.     FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1.      Birds do not have ______ to eat.

Ans: teeth

2.      Sunbird ______ nectar from flowers.

Ans: sucks

3.      A duck has a _______ and broad beak.

Ans: flat

4.      A penguin uses its webbed feet to _____.

Ans: swim

5.      ______ and jacana are wading birds.

Ans: Crane

B.      MATCH THE FOLLOWING:

1.      sunbird                             (a) sifting beak

2.      eagle                                 (b) sticky beak

3.      Parrot                               (c) chiselling beak                                   

4.      duck                                  (d) probing beak

5.      swallow                            (e) curved beak

6.      woodpecker                    (f) crushing beak

7.      pigeon                               (g) piercing and tearing beak

      Ans:

1.      sunbird                             (d) probing beak

2.      eagle                                 (g) piercing and tearing beak

3.      Parrot                               (e) curved beak                                

4.      duck                                  (a) sifting beak

5.      swallow                            (b) sticky beak

6.      woodpecker                     (c) chiselling beak

7.      pigeon                               (f) crushing beak

C.      TICK THE CORRECT OPTION.

1.      A sparrow uses its short and hard beak for –

(a)   Sucking nectar from flowers                                      

(b)   Sifting food from mud

(c)    Catching flies while flying                 

(d)   Crushing of grains

Ans: crushing of grains

2.      A hoopoe takes out insects and worms from the holes in the ground with the help of its –

(a)   Strong, short and straight beak                                      

(b)   Long and slender beak

(c)    Broad beak that has holes on the sides                

(d)   Curved and hard beak

      Ans: long and slender beak

3.      A bird, that does not have strong and sharp claws is the –

(a)   eagle                                      

(b)   duck

(c)    vulture                 

(d)   hawk

      Ans: duck

4.      Birds, that have two toes pointing upwards and two downwards, are known as –

(a)   Scratching birds                                      

(b)   Wading birds

(c)    Climbing birds

(d)   Perching birds

      Ans: climbing birds

5.      It is a perching bird.

(a)   Sparrow                                      

(b)   jacana

(c)    hen    

(d)   duck

      Ans: sparrow

D.     ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF.

1.      What do birds use for preening their feathers?

Ans: Birds use their beaks for preening their feathers.

2.      How is a crushing beak helpful to a pigeon?

Ans: The crushing beak helps in crushing seeds and grains, thereby, make it soft before eating.

3.      What are claws?

Ans: Claws are the long curved nails present on the feet.

4.      Name three birds of prey.

Ans: Eagle, vulture, and hawk are three birds of prey.

5.      What prevents the body of crane and jacana from sinking in water?

Ans: The widely spread out toes prevent the body of crane and jacana from sinking in water.

E.      ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1.      Write two main uses of a beak of a bird.

Ans: i) Birds use their beaks to tear, bite, chisel or crush the food.

ii) Some birds use their beaks to fight the enemy or catch the prey.

2.      How are claws helpful to a bird?

Ans: Claws can be used for climbing, protecting, holding food, swimming and perching.

3.      How does a swallow catch its food?

Ans: i) The beak of a swallow is sticky from inside.

ii) This helps the swallow to catch flies while flying.

4.      How do webbed feet help a duck to swim?

Ans: The webbed feet of duck is used to paddle and to push the water while swimming.

5.      What type of feet do the scratching birds have?

Ans: i) Scratching birds have strong feet with three toes in front and one at the back.

ii) Each toe has a sharp claw to scratch the ground in search of seeds and insects present in the soil.

STD-5, CHAPTER-12, OBSERVING THE SKY, EXTRA QUESTION ANSWERS

1.      The sun rises in the _____.

Ans: East

2.      The sun sets in the _____.

Ans: West

3.      State the cause of the apparent motion of the sun from east to west?

Ans: As the earth rotates from west to east, the sun appears to move from east to west.

4.      Name the morning star.

Ans: Mercury or venus

5.      Name the evening star.

Ans: Mercury or venus

6.      In which part of the sky are we likely to find Venus when it is visible as an evening star?

Ans: Venus is seen very low near the horizon in the sky.

7.      Name the brightest and most recognisable object in the night sky.

Ans: The moon is the brightest and most recognisable object in the night sky.

8.      Name the brightest object in the sky after the sun and the moon.

Ans: Venus is the brightest object in the sky after the sun and the moon.

9.      Name the planets which can be seen in the night sky even with the unaided eye.

Ans: Mars, venus, Jupiter and Saturn are the planets that can be seen in the night sky even with the unaided eye.

10.  Why cannot we see Uranus and Neptune with unaided eye?

Ans: We cannot see Uranus and Neptune with unaided eye, because they are very faint.

11.  Name the first planet discovered by using a telescope.

Ans: Saturn was the first planet discovered by using a telescope.

12.  How can we know about the temperature of stars from their colours?

Ans: The hottest stars shine with a whitish-blue light.

The other stars shine with a yellowish white light.

13.  The sun shines with a ______ light.

Ans: Yellowish-white light.

14.  Name the star nearest to the Earth.

Ans: The nearest star to the Earth is the Sun.

15.  Why do stars appear as points to us?

Ans: Stars appear as dim points in the night sky. This is due to their very large distances from us.

16.  Why the sun appears like a ball, while other stars appear points to us?

Ans: Almost all the stars are million of times farther away from us as compared to the distance of the sun from us. It is for this reason that the sun appears like a ball to us, but the other stars appear only as points or dots.

17.  Why do, we usually not see the stars during the day?

Ans: The stars are not visible during day-time due to sun’s brightness.

18.  Define the term ‘constellation’.

Ans: A constellation is a group of stars that appear to form some recognisable pattern or shape in the sky.

19.  Why was the concept of constellations important?

Ans: The concept of constellations was important as ancient people were dependent on these stars to find directions and to measure time.

20.  Name some constellations.

Ans: Some constellations are, Ursa Major (Big Dipper), Orion, Ursa Minor (Small Dipper) and Cassiopeia.

21.   Give a short description about Ursa Major.

Ans: i) Ursa Major is seen during the spring, in the early part of night.

ii) Ursa Major is also known as the Great Bear (or Big Dipper).

iii) There are seven prominent stars in Ursa Major.

iv) The two stars, at the top of this constellation, help to locate the Pole Star.

22.  How can we locate the Pole Star with the help of Ursa Major?

Ans: The two stars, at the top of Ursa Major, are called pointers. The line joining those points directs the position of the Pole star (North Star).

23.  In what respects is, the pole star, different from other stars?

Ans:i) The pole star, unlike other stars, appears to remain fixed at one place.

ii) This is so because it lies along the axis of rotation of the earth.

iii) Because of this special feature, this star has been useful to travellers. It defines the North direction.

24.  Write the difference between a planet and a star.

Ans:i) Planets appear like tiny discs whereas stars appear as points.

ii) Stars appear to twinkle. Planets do not twinkle.

iii) Stars appear to be almost stationary. Planets change their relative position with respect to each other.

25.  Planets appear as tiny discs whereas stars appear as points. Why?

Ans: A planet is closer to us than the stars. That is why, planets appear like tiny discs whereas stars appear as points.

26.  Why planets (wandering stars) are so named?

Ans: i) Planets change their relative position with respect to each other.

ii) They appear to move against the background of stationary stars.

iii) This was the reason why ancient people named them as planets i.e. wandering stars.

27.  A star appear to rise four minutes earlier every day. Give reason.

Ans: i) The earth revolves around the sun.

ii) Alongwith this revolution around the sun, the earth also rotates about its own axis.

iii) These two motions of the earth cause the same star to appear to rise four minutes earlier every day.

28.  We see a whole different set of stars in the sky after every six months. Give reason.

Ans: The earth revolves around the sun and, in six months time, moves to the other side of the sun. Therefore, we see a whole different set of stars in the sky after every six months.

STD-3, CHAPTER-9, COOKING AND EATING HABITS, EXTRA QUESTION ANSWERS

 1.      In what form, early man used to eat food?

Ans: Early man used to eat food in raw form.

2.      When did human learn to cook food?

Ans: After the discovery of ‘fire’, human learnt to cook food.

3.      What are the benefits of cooking food?

Ans: i) Cooking makes food soft, tasty and easily digestible.

ii) Cooked food can be preserved for a longer time.

iii) Cooking also makes the food germ free and safe to eat.

4.      Write two benefits of eating cooked food.

Ans: i) Cooked food is free from germs. So, it is safe to eat.

ii) Cooked food is also easy to digest.

5.      What can happen to vegetables when they are over cooked?

Ans: Vegetables contain many nutrients. When vegetables are over cooked, these nutrients are destroyed.

6.      Why should we wash the fruits and vegetables before eating?

Ans: We should wash the fruits and vegetables before eating to remove dust and impurities.

7.      List the different methods of cooking.

Ans: The different methods of cooking are,

i)       Boiling

ii)     Steaming

iii)   Baking

iv)   Frying

v)     Direct heating

8.      Name the methods of cooking which require water.

Ans: Boiling and steaming require water.

9.      Name some food items which are prepared by boiling.

Ans: Pulses, eggs, can be cooked by boiling. Milk is also boiled before consuming.

10.  Name the device/ utensil which is often used for boiling.

Ans: Pressure cooker is often used for boiling.

11.  How can you prepare dal?

Ans: i) First boil the seeds of particular plants.

ii) Add some spices to them, before eating.

12.  Which utensil is used for boiling eggs?

Ans: A metal bowl can be used for boiling eggs.

13.  Why should we boil milk before consuming?

Ans: i) Boiling kills germs that can spoil the milk.

ii) Boiling helps to preserve milk for a longer time.

So, we should boil milk before consuming.

14.  How steam is obtained?

Ans: Steam is obtained by boiling water.

15.  Name two food items which are prepared by the process of steaming.

Ans: Foods, like idli and dhokla, are prepared by the method of cooking.

16.  Write the benefits of steaming.

Ans: i) Steaming shortens the duration of cooking.

ii) Steaming helps to conserve the nutritive value of the food.

iii) Steam cooked food is also easy to digest.

17.  Name the vessel (utensil) used for steaming purpose.

Ans: A deep vessel or a steamer is used for steaming purpose.

18.  Define ‘baking’.

Ans: Indirect heating, with or without using oil, is known as baking.

19.  Name the food items prepared by baking.

Ans: Cakes, biscuits and breads are made by baking.

20.  How is baking done?

Ans: i) Baking is done by indirect heating, with or without using oil.

ii) It is mainly done in an oven.

21.  How are pakodas and jalebis prepared?

Ans: Pakodas and Jalebis are prepared by frying their ingredients in hot oil.

22.  Differentiate between boiling and frying.

Ans:

Boiling	Frying
It requires water.	It requires oil.
It is a healthy method of cooking food.	It is not a very healthy method of cooking food.

23.  Why it is advised to avoid fried food?

Ans: Fried food contains too much oil, which is not good for our health. So, it is advised to avoid fried food.

24.  Name the oldest method of cooking known to man.

Ans: ‘Direct heating’ is the oldest method of cooking food.

25.  Name the food item which is made by the direct heating method.

Ans: Chappatis are usually made by the direct heating method.

26.  Direct heating is done by keeping the food over _____.

Ans: Fire or Flame.

27.  Which utensil is used for making chappatis?

Ans: A griddle (tawa) is used for making chappatis.

28.  What are utensils?

Ans: Utensils are the containers that may be used for cooking or storing food.

29.  List some utensils used for cooking.

Ans: Some utensils are, pressure cooker, metal bowl, griddle (tawa), etc.