A. FILL IN THE BLANKS.
1. Living organisms need food to _________ and _______.
Ans: live and grow
2. Vitamins A, D, E and K are soluble in ______, whereas Vitamin B and C are ______ soluble.
Ans: fat, water
3. The deficiency of ________, in the diet, causes a disease called Beri-Beri.
Ans: Vitamin B
4. Vitamin K helps in _______ blood.
Ans: clotting
5. The dietary fibres constitute _________
Ans: roughage
B. WRITE TRUE OR FALSE FOR THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS.
1.Vitamins and minerals are body-building foods. False
2. Our skin makes Vitamin E in the presence of sunlight. False
3. Deficiency of phosphorous can lead to anaemia. False
4. We should eat food that has all its essential components in the right proportions. True
5. Kwashiorkor occurs due to the deficiency of fat in the diet. False
C. TICK THE CORRECT OPTION.
1. When a drop of iodine solution was put on the cut surface of a potato, it turned blue-black in colour. This indicates the presence of–
(a) Vitamin (b) Fat
(c) Protein (d) Starch
Ans: starch
2. The deficiency of Vitamin A, in our diet, causes a disease known as–
(a) Scurvy (b) rickets
(c) nightblindness (d) beri-beri
Ans: nightblindness
3. Iron is essential for–
(a) Growth of teeth and bones
(b) Formation of haemoglobin
(c) Functioning of the thyroid gland
(d) Making muscles strong
Ans: formation of haemoglobin
4. A child, who has bow legs, is suffering from a deficiency disease, known as –
(a) scurvy (b) rickets
(c) goitre (d) anaemia
Ans: rickets
5. The deficiency of proteins, in the diet of children, can cause a disease known as–
(a) marasmus (b) rickets
(c) kwashiorkor (d) anaemia
Ans: kwashiorkor
D. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF.
1. Name the important sources of our food.
Ans: The important sources of food are plants and animals.
2. State the importance of carbohydrates in our diet.
Ans: Carbohydrates, in our diet, are a source of energy.
3. Name the vitamin whose deficiency causes the disease of-
(a) nightblindness
(b) beri-beri
(c) scurvy
(d) rickets
Ans: (a) nightblindness – Vitamin A
(b) beri-beri – Vitamin B
(c) scurvy – Vitamin C
(d) rickets – Vitamin D
4. Name any three of the minerals needed by our body.
Ans: Three minerals needed by our body are, iron, iodine and calcium.
5. State the role of calcium in our body.
Ans: Calcium helps to build healthy bones and teeth.
6. Write the full forms of the terms PEM and PCM.
Ans: PEM – Protien Energy Malnutrition
PCM – Protein Calorie Malnutrition
E. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. Name two sources of each of the following:
(a) Carbohydrates (b) Proteins
(c) Fats (d) Roughage
(e) Vitamin A (f) Vitamin C
Ans: (a) Carbohydrates – banana, litchi
(b) Proteins - soyabean, pulses
(c) Fats – mustard oil, Butter
(d) Roughage – green vegetables, whole grains
(e) Vitamin A – cod liver oil, shark liver oil
(f) Vitamin C – Lemon, Indian Gooseberry
2. Describe one test each for detecting the presence of the following in food.
(a) Proteins
(b) Starch
(c) Fats
Ans: (a) Test for proteins
Materials required:
Mortar and pestle, test tube, dropper, concentrated nitric acid
Procedure:
Crush some bean seeds in a mortar and pestle. Make a suspension using water. Take a little of this suspension in a test tube. Very carefully, add a few drops of concentrated nitric acid to it.
Observation:
The colour of the suspension changes to yellow.
Conclusion:
Protein is present in bean seeds.
(b) Test for Starch
Materials required:
iodine solution, test tube, dropper, raw potato.
Procedure:
Take an unboiled raw potato and cut it into pieces. Add iodine solution on the cut surface of the potato with the help of a dropper.
Observation:
After adding iodine solution on the cut surface of the potato, it turned blue-black.
Conclusion:
Potato contains starch in it.
(c) Test for Fat
Materials Required:
White tissue paper, butter
Procedure:
Take butter and rub it on the dry tissue paper.
Observation:
A translucent mark appeared on the tissue paper after rubbing butter on it.
Conclusion:
Fat is present in butter.
3. Why do we need proteins and how do they affect our health?
Ans: (i) Proteins help in building up the developing tissues of a growing child.
(ii) Proteins also take care of the ‘wear and tear’ of the body tissues at all ages.
4. A mineral ‘X’ is essential for the formation of a component ‘Y’, in the blood of a person. The function, of component Y, is to transport oxygen in the body.
The deficiency of mineral ‘X’, in the diet of a person, causes a disease Z. Identify X, Y and Z. Also mention the symptoms of disease Z.
Ans: X – Iron
Y – Haemogobin
Z – Anaemia
A person suffering from anaemia appears pale and weak. The body shows fatigue, loss of appetite, whitening of nails and swelling of hands and feet.
5. Deficiency of iodine is more common in mountainous regions. Why?
Ans: The soil and water in mountainous region are poor in iodine. So, deficiency of iodine is more common in these regions.
6. What is a balanced diet? Why should we take a balanced diet?
Ans: (i) A diet that contains all the nutrients in right proportion, is called a balanced diet.
(ii) A balanced diet is very important for the proper growth and development of the body.
(iii) It provides us energy, needed for metabolic activities of the body like respiration, circulation and digestion.
(iv) It also helps us in preventing deficiency diseases. So, we should take a balanced diet.
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