A. FILL IN THE BLANKS.
1. The process, of breaking down of food, into fine and soluble particles, is called _____.
Ans: digestion
2. Blood vessels, that carry blood from organs to heart, are called ______.
Ans: veins
3. The nervous system consists of billions of _____.
Ans: nerve cells
4. The ________ portion of the brain controls the left part of the body.
Ans: right
5. Kidneys are _____ shaped organs that help in filtering out waste products.
Ans: bean
6. The skin removes water, and excessive salts, in the form of ____.
Ans: sweat
7. The male reproductive organ system has a pair of _____.
Ans: testes
B. WRITE TRUE OR FALSE FOR THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS.
1. Large intestine is responsible for the digestion and absorption of food. False
2. Pharynx is also called as the ‘voice box’. False
3. Blood helps in maintaining our body temperature at a constant value. True
4. The blood vessels, which take blood away from the heart, to various parts of the body, are called arteries. True
5. Kidneys filter out waste products from the blood. True
C. TICK THE CORRECT OPTION.
1. Bile is secreted by the-
(a) salivary glands
(b) pancreas
(c) liver
(d) kidneys
Ans: liver
2. The food, taken in by the humans, stays for about 2 to 3 hours, in the-
(a) stomach
(b) small intestine
(c) food pipe
(d) large intestine
Ans: stomach
3. The tube-like structure, attached to the brain is/are known as-
(a) veins
(b) nerves
(c) food pipe
(d) spinal cord
Ans: spinal cord
4. The organ, in the human body, which filters out waste products, such as urea, from the blood, is the-
(a) kidneys
(b) urinary bladder
(c) lungs
(d) heart
Ans: kidneys
5. Ovaries are a part of the-
(a) Reproductive system
(b) Nervous system
(c) Digestive system
(d) Excretory system
Ans: reproductive system
D. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF.
1. How many teeth are present in a four-month old child’s mouth?
Ans: No teeth are present in a four-month old child’s mouth.
2. Where is saliva produced?
Ans: Saliva is produced in the mouth by the salivary glands.
3. Define respiration.
Ans: Respiration is the process of releasing energy from the absorbed food particles by the cells in the presence oxygen.
4. Name the flap that shuts off the wind pipe when you swallow food.
Ans: Epiglottis shuts off the wind pipe when you swallow food.
5. How many types of vessels are found in the circulatory system of human beings?
Ans: Three types of vessels are found in the circulatory system of human beings.
6. List down the main organs of the nervous system.
Ans: The main organs of the nervous system are brain, spinal cord, sense organs and nerve cells.
7. Name the structure that protects the spinal cord.
Ans: Vertebral column (back bone) protects the spinal cord.
8. Name the process of fusion of an egg with a sperm.
Ans: Fertilization is the process of fusion of an egg with a sperm.
E. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. What is digestion? Starting from the mouth, state the various steps involved in digestion.
Ans: The process of breaking down of food into very fine and soluble particles, is called digestion.
Steps involved in digestion
(i) in the mouth, food mixes with saliva and is chewed
(ii) swallowing takes place by the movement of muscles of food pipe
(iii) churning of food mixed with gastric juice in the stomach
(iv) food gets mixed with bile juice and pancreatic juice and completion of digestion process inside the small intestine.
2. Draw a diagram of the tongue and show the location of the taste buds on it.
Ans:
3. Explain the role of diaphragm in the process of breathing.
Ans: When the diaphragm moves downwards, air enters the lungs from the atmosphere. When the diaphragm returns to its original position, air is expelled out of the lungs. Thus, the movement of diaphragm helps in the process of breathing.
4. Give the function of the heart, and the blood vessels, in the circulatory system.
Ans: Function of Heart
The main function of the heart is to pump blood and keep it moving in the blood vessels.
Function of Blood Vessels
The blood vessels take blood from the heart to all the parts of the body and then bring the blood from different organs back to the heart.
5. State the function of the nervous system. Briefly explain the role of nerves in it.
Ans: (i) The nervous system controls and co-ordinates all the activities of our body.
(ii) Any change in our environment produces a sensation (smell, touch, taste, vision and sound). The nervous system helps us to react to these sensations.
Role of Nerves
The sensory nerves carry message from sense organs to the brain and the motor nerves carry commands, given by the brain, to the muscles.
6. Give a brief outline of the process of excretion, by the kidneys, in human beings.
Ans: (i) Kidneys filter out the nitrogenous waste products (mainly urea) from the blood. These wastes form urine. Thus, kidneys help in purifying blood.
(ii) Kidneys also help in removing excess water from the blood.
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