STD-5, CHAPTER-6, EXTRA QUESTION QUESTIONS

1.      Give any three reasons for spoilage of food.

Ans: Three reasons for spoilage of food are, micro-organisms, enzymes, insects, worms and rats.

2.      What are micro-organisms?

Ans: Micro-organisms are the organisms which are too small to be seen by unaided eye.

3.      Name two micro-organisms.

Ans: Bacteria and fungi

4.      State two factors that contribute to the fast growth of micro-organisms.

Ans: Two factors that contribute to the fast growth of micro-organisms are, moisture and temperature.

5.      How can we check the growth of micro-organisms in our food?

Ans: For checking the growth of micro-organisms in our food, we need to:

i)   Remove moisture from food i.e. dry it.

ii) Keep the food at low temperature (in the refrigerator)

6.      What are enzymes?

Ans: Enzymes are chemicals that are present in all fruits and vegetables which speed up chemical changes in them.

7.      How do enzymes help fruits?

Ans: i) Enzymes are useful because they cause ripening of fruits.

ii) When green fruits ripen, they change their colour and become sweet.

8.      How enzymes contribute to the spoiling of food products?

Ans: i) Enzymes speed up chemical changes that result in the loss of flavour, colour and appearance.

ii) They, thus, contribute to the spoiling of the food products.

9.      How can we protect our food items from insects, worms and rats?

Ans: i) We should keep the cupboards, shelves and containers clean and dry.

ii) This will prevent them from making a home at places where our food items are kept.

10.  Suggest any three ways to prevent spoilage of food.

Ans: i) Perishable food stuffs, like milk, meat, fruits and vegetables, must be stored in the refrigerator.

ii) Foods, like spices, cereals, biscuits and other snacks, should be kept in airtight jars.

iii) By preserving food.

11.  What do you understand by food preservation?

Ans: Food preservation is the process of treating and handling of food to stop, or slow down, the spoilage caused by micro-organisms.

12.  Describe the methods that are used for preservation of food.

Ans: i) Dehydration: In this process, water content of the food stuff is removed.

ii) Food can be preserved by adding salt and sugar.

iii) Food can be preserved by adding acetic acid, in the form of vinegar.

iv) Canning and Bottling: Food is cooked and sealed in sterile cans or jars and these containers are boiled to kill any remaining bacteria.

v) Pasteurisation: In this process, food product is subjected to pressurised heating, for a short time, followed by immediate cooling.

vi) Refrigeration: This procedure uses low temperature to prevent growth of micro-organisms.

vii) Vacuum packing:  In this method air is removed from the package prior to sealing.

13.  How the process of dehydration help to preserve food?

Ans: i) In dehydration process, water content is removed from the food stuff.

ii) Since, micro-organisms need water to grow, they cannot multiply, or grow, on dried foods.

14.  Name some food items which are preserved by the process of dehydration.

Ans: Many vegetables like onions, cauliflower, are preserved by the process of dehydration.

15.  How adding sugar and salts help in preserving food?

Ans: Sugar and salt tend to take out moisture from the food so that it is not available for growth of micro-organisms.

16.  Name some food items which are preserved by adding sugar and salt.

Ans: Pickles and jams can be preserved by adding salt and sugar in them.

17.  Name the food items where vinegar is used as a food preservative.

Ans: Vinegar is used as a food preservative in pickles.

18.  Name the food items which are canned to preserve them.

Ans: Many fruits, vegetables and meat products are canned to preserve them.

19.  What is pasteurisation? What is the maximum temperature used in this process?

Ans: i) Pasteurisation is the process of heating food followed by immediate cooling, to limit the growth of micro-organisms.

ii) The temperature used during pasteurisation is below 212⁰ F (100⁰ C).

20.  Why we should not drink unpasteurised milk?

Ans: Drinking unpasteurised milk is not safe as we can get diseases due to the presence of disease causing micro-organisms.

21.  Who discovered the process of pasteurisation?

Ans: Louis Pasteur discovered the process of pasteurisation.

22.  Why is it advised to keep the pasteurised milk under refrigeration?

Ans: i) Milk is pasteurised to kill micro-organisms.

ii) However, many more heat-resistant organisms only get reduced in number and do not get completely removed.

iii) Hence the pasteurised milk must generally be stored under refrigeration to keep bacterial growth in it under control.

23.  How pasteurisation increases the shelf life of milk?

Ans: Pasteurisation destroys the micro-organisms. It also deactivates some enzymes and increases the shelf life of milk.

24.  Why does food stay fresh for a longer time when stored in a refrigerator?

Ans: i) The temperature is low inside a refrigerator.

ii) Micro-organisms and enzymes get deactivated at low temperatures and hence, the spoilage of food gets prevented.

25.  How the process of vacuum packing preserves food?

Ans: i) In this method, air is removed from the package prior to sealing.

ii) The vacuum, thus created, reduces oxygen in the package. This limits the growth of bacteria or fungi in the package.

26.  Which food items are preserved by vacuum packing?

Ans: Dry foods like cereals, nuts, coffee, cheese and potato chips are preserved by the process of vacuum packing.

27.  Foods, containing fats and oils, become rancid in the presence of _______.

Ans: Oxygen

28.  Packets of potato chips and other namkeens are filled with ______ gas.

Ans: Nitrogen

29.  How is food preservation useful to us?

Ans: Food preservation is helpful in many ways:

i)                    It helps to maintain nutritive value of food.

ii)                  It increases the shelf life of food, thus, increasing its supply. Many perishable foods can be preserved for a long time.

iii)                It makes seasonal foods available throughout the year.

iv)                It decreases wastage of food by preventing decay or spoilage of food.

It helps in adding variety to the diet.

STD-5, CHAPTER-5: FOOD AND HEALTH, EXERCISE QUESTION ANSWERS

 A.     FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1.      A _______ is any defect or abnormality found in the body.

Ans: disease

2.      Children, in the age group of ______ years, often, suffer from protein-carbohydrate deficiency disease.

Ans: 6 months to 3 years

3.       Minerals are present in _______ amounts in our body.

Ans: small

4.       The disease, that causes enlargement of glands in the neck, is known as ______.

Ans: goitre

5.      The diseases, that get spread through insects, air, water and soil, are known as _____ diseases.

Ans: communicable

B.      MATCH THE FOLLOWING:

 

1.      Anaemia                            a. Vitamin C

2.      Night blindness                b. Iodine

3.      Scurvy                                c. Vitamin B

4.      Goitre                                d. Iron

5.      Beri-beri                            e. Vitamin A

      Ans:

1.      Anaemia                           d. Iron

2.      Night blindness               e. Vitamin A

3.      Scurvy                                a. Vitamin C

4.      Goitre                                b. Iodine

5.      Beri-beri                            c. Vitamin B

 

C.      TICK THE CORRECT OPTION.

 

1.      Haemoglobin content becomes less when a person is suffering from -

(a)   goitre                (b) rickets          (c) anaemia           (d) beri-beri

      Ans: anaemia

2.      A person having swollen and bleeding gums, might be suffering from -

(a)   rickets              (b) scurvy           (c) beri-beri           (d) anaemia

      Ans: scurvy

3.      Germs of common cold spread through -  

(a)   air       (b) water        (c) soil       (d) mosquitoes

       Ans: air

4.      Deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates, in the diet of a small child, can lead to –

(a)   Weak bones                      (b) improper growth of body

(c)    Bleeding gums                  (d) bow shaped legs

      Ans: improper growth of body

5.      Legs become bow shaped due to deficiency of -  

(a)   Vitamin A       (b) Vitamin B        (c) Vitamin C       (d) Vitamin D

       Ans: Vitamin D

D.     ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF.

 

1.      State the two main categories of diseases.

Ans: The two main categories of diseases are:

i) Communicable diseases

ii) Non-communicable diseases

2.      Write two symptoms of the disease ‘Beri-Beri’.

Ans: Two symptoms of Beri-Beri are,

i) Extreme weakness

ii) Paralysis of body parts

3.      Name any two diseases that are spread through the bite of mosquitoes.

Ans: Two diseases that are spread through the bite of mosquitoes are: Malaria, Dengue.

4.      A girl finds it difficult to see in dimlight and has dry and scaly skin. Name the disease she might be suffering from.

Ans: She might be suffering from Night-blindness.

5.      Why should we not allow water to stagnate around our homes?

Ans: We should not allow water to stagnate around homes as stagnant water is the breeding place of mosquitoes.

E.      ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

 

1.      How does calcium-phosphorus deficiency affect our body?

Ans: Deficiency of Calcium- phosphorus results in,

i) weak teeth lose their shine and whiteness

ii) Weak, soft and fragile bones.

2.      Suggest some measures that can help us to prevent the occurrence of deficiency diseases.

Ans: We can prevent the occurrence of deficiency diseases by following the given suggestions.

i) We should take a balanced diet containing all types of nutrients.

ii) We must follow good food practices and habits.

iii) Children must be given adequate amount of milk, milk products, and additional food items like juices, soft-boiled rice, porridge, etc.

3.      How can we prevent the spread of germs from a sick person to a healthy person?

Ans: We can prevent the spread of Communicable by observing the following precautions:

i) All the articles and clothes of infected person should be disinfected.

ii) One must always cover the nose or mouth while sneezing or coughing.

iii) The surrounding must be kept clean and hygienic.

iv) Water must not be allowed to stagnate around homes.

v) We should change the water in room coolers, flower pots and other containers after every 3-4 days.

vi) Vaccination must be done to prevent many diseases like measles, polio and chickenpox.

4.      Isha was suffering from chicken pox. Her teacher advised her not to come to school till she has recovered completely. Why?

Ans: i) Chicken pox is a communicable disease.

ii) Isha needs proper care and rest to recover.

iii) If she comes to school, then her friends who will come in contact with her, will also get chicken pox.

So, her teacher advised her not to come to school till she has recovered completely.

5.      Why are deficiency diseases called non-communicable diseases?

Ans: i) Diseases that are caused due to some deficiency in our diet, are known as deficiency diseases.

ii) These diseases can not transmit from one person to another.

So, deficiency diseases are called non-communicable diseases.

STD 5- CHAPTER 4: ANIMALS- OUR FRIENDS, EXERCISE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 A.     FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1.      We keep ______ and _______ as pets.

Ans: dog, cat

2.      ______ assist police in search operations.

Ans: dog

3.      Kasturi is an ingredient of ______ deer.

Ans: Musk

4.      ________ of elephant have been used for making jewellery.

Ans: Tusks or ivory

5.      Extinction of frogs will increase the _____ population.

Ans: insect

6.      Food chains are found in all ______.

Ans: habitats

B.      MATCH THE FOLLOWING:

 

1.      Crab                             a. Pulling cart

2.      Oyster                         b. endangered animal

3.      Ox                                c. pearl

4.      Mountain goat          d. sea food

5.      Bald eagle                  e. Pashmina wool

      Ans:

1.      Crab                             d. sea food

2.      Oyster                         c. pearl

3.      Ox                                a. Pulling cart

4.      Mountain goat          e. Pashmina wool

5.      Bald eagle                  b. endangered animal

 

C.      TICK THE CORRECT OPTION.

 

1.      A delicacy made from the unfertilised eggs of a variety of fish is the -

(a)   kasturi        (b) caviar          (c) pashmina        (d) tusk

      Ans: caviar

2.      Which of these animals is extinct?

(a)   Bactrian camel              (b) golden lion          (c) quagga           (d) panda

      Ans: quagga

3.      The body part of rhinoceros, for which it is often hunted by humans, is -  

(a)   bones       (b) horns        (c) legs       (d) skin

       Ans: horns

4.      Humans are destroying habitat of animals by –

(a)   Planting trees                                      (b)  reducing water pollution

(c)    Controlling wildlife trade                 (d) cutting down trees

      Ans: cutting down trees

5.      Which of the following food chain is correct?

(a)   Leaves -> Frog -> Snake                                     

(b)   Grains -> Hen  -> Man

(c)    Acorn -> Rat   -> eagle

(d)   Plant -> jackal  -> lion

      Ans: acorn -> Rat -> Eagle

D.     ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF.

 

1.      Name five wild animals.

Ans: Five wild animals are: elephant, tiger, lion, bear and jackal.

2.      Give the meaning of the term food chain.

Ans: The process of ‘Who eats whom’ is called the food chain.

3.      How are human beings destroying the natural surroundings of wild animals?

Ans: Human beings are destroying the natural surroundings of wild animals by cutting down forests.

4.      Name the animals that can become man eaters.

Ans: Tiger, Lion, Jackal, Leopard can become man eaters.

5.      Which Act has been passed by the Indian Government to protect wildlife?

Ans: The Indian Government has passed the Wildlife protection Act to protect wildlife.

E.      ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

 

1.      State any five ways in which animals are useful to us.

Ans: Animals are useful as,

i)          Silk and wool that are used for making cloth, come from silkworm and sheep respectively.

ii)        Leather, obtained from the skin of animals like goat, sheep and buffalo, is used to make shoes, purses and bags.

iii)      Pearls, are obtained from oysters.

iv)      Many types of fish, prawns, lobsters and crabs, are used as sea food.

v)        Animals like horses, camels, elephants are used as means of transport.

2.      Differentiate between extinct and endangered animals. Give two examples of each type.

Ans: Extinct Animals: Those animal species which are no longer living on earth. Examples, Tasmanian tiger, golden toad, quagga, etc.

Endangered Animals: Those animal species that are in danger of becoming extinct, are called endangered animals. Examples, African elephant, golden lion, bald eagle, etc.

3.      What is wildlife trade? Why is it harmful?

Ans: i) The illegal hunting and poaching of animals for the sake of money, is called as wildlife trade.

ii) In this case, animals are killed for their body parts and sold at higher prices.

iii) It is harmful as it resulted in extinction of many animals.

4.      Suggest any four steps to prevent cruelty to animals.

Ans: Four ways to prevent cruelty to animals are,

i) Do not throw polythene bags in the garbage. Stray cattle can swallow them and they may die.

ii) Do not put birds in cages and fish in aquariums. They feel trapped in small spaces and their life span gets reduced.

iii) When visiting a forest, park or garden, one should not remove eggs of birds from their nests.

iv) Put some water in an earthen bowl and keep it outside, especially during summers.

5.      Some wild animals are hunted because their body is considered useful by man. Give four examples of such wild animals. Also mention the part of the body which is used in each case.

Ans: i) Animals like elephant, bears, rhinoceros, musk deer, are killed for their body parts.

ii) Elephants are hunted for their tusks or ivory.

iii) North and South American bears are also being killed for their gall bladders, which are then used to make medicines.

iv) Rhinoceroses are being hunted for their horns.

v) Musk deer is hunted for Kasturi, an ingredient of many perfumes.