STD-VI, CHAPTER-8: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE LIVING ORGANISMS-PLANTS, EXTRA QAs

1.      Classify the plants on the basis of their height, size and shape.

ANS: The plants can be classified into herbs, shrubs and trees on the basis of their height, size and shape.

2.      Classify the plants on the basis of their life span.

ANS: The plants can be classified into annuals, biennials and perennials on the basis of their life span.

3.      Classify the plants on the basis of their mode of nutrition.

ANS: The plants can be classified into Autotrophs and Heterotrophs (saprophytes and parasites) on the basis of their mode of nutrition.

4.      Classify the plants on the basis of their habitat.

ANS: The plants can be classified into Aquatic (Hydrophytes) and Terrestrial (Mesophytes and Xerophytes) on the basis of their natural habitat.

5.      Classify the plants on the basis of flower bearing capacity.

ANS: The plants can be classified into Flowering Plants and Non-flowering plants on the basis of their flower bearing capacity.

6.      Name the parts of a flowering plant.

ANS: A flowering plant has the following parts: Roots, stem, branches, flowers, fruits, leaves etc.

7.      Define Root System of a flowering plant.

ANS: The Root System is that part of the plant which grows below the ground.

8.      What are the functions of roots?

ANS: i) Fixation: Root fixes the plant to the soil.

ii) Absorption: Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.

iii) Conservation: Roots hold the soil together so that it does not get washed away during rains or gets blown away by winds.

9.      What do you mean by modified roots?

ANS: The special types of roots which perform special functions are called modified roots.

10.  Name some plants where roots are modified to store food.

ANS: Plants like Carrot, sweet potato, turnip, beetroot have modified roots to store food.

11.  What are prop roots?

ANS: Additional roots which grow, and hang down from the branches, to give additional support to trees are called as prop roots.

12.  Name one plant with prop roots.

ANS: Banyan has prop roots.

13.  How the prop roots help the banyan tree?

ANS: Prop roots act as pillars and prevent the long branches from bending downwards. Thus they give additional support to the banyan tree.

14.  Name one plant with parasitic root.

ANS: Dodder has parasitic root.

15.  What are the functions of sucking roots or parasitic roots?

ANS: The sucking roots or parasitic roots absorb water and minerals from the host plant.

16.  Name the two types of root systems.

ANS: The two types of root systems are, i) Tap root system,  ii) Fibrous root system.

17.  Differentiate between tap root system and fibrous root system.

ANS: i) In tap root system, there is one main root and smaller lateral roots grows out of the main root.

ii) In fibrous root system, there is no main root. Several roots grow out from the base of the stem which are almost similar in size.

18.  Name some plants with tap root system.

ANS: Plants with tap root system are, pea, mustard, bean and gram.

19.  Name some plants with fibrous root system.

ANS: Plants with fibrous root system are, maize, wheat, rice and grasses.

20.  Define shoot system.

ANS: The part of the plant, which is found above the soil, is known as its shoot system.

21.  Define stem.

ANS: The main part of the shoot system, which grows upwards above the ground, is called the stem.

22.  What are nodes?

ANS: The points, in a stem, where the leaves are attached are called nodes.

23.  What are internodes?

ANS: The portion, between two nodes, is called an internode.

24.  Define trunk.

ANS: The stem (strongest part) of a tree is known as the trunk.

25.  Define bark.

ANS: The thick brown covering, on the trunk, is called the bark.

26.  What is the function of bark?

ANS: The bark provides protection to the stem.

27.  What are the functions of a stem?

ANS: The functions of a stem are,

i) It keeps the plant straight and upright.

ii) It transports water and minerals, absorbed by the roots, to all parts of the plant.

iii) It transports food, prepared by the leaves, to all parts of the plant.

iv) In some plants, it stores food.

v) The stem of young plants, when green, can perform the process of photosynthesis to manufacture food.

28.  The stem grows upwards towards the source of _____.

ANS: light

29.  What do you mean by modified stems?

ANS: Stems performing special functions in some plants are called modified stems.

30.  What are the functions of modified stems?

ANS: In some plants stems are modified to perform the following functions,

i) to store food

ii) to provide support

iii) to manufacture food

31.  Name some plants where stems are modified to store food.

ANS: In potato, ginger, onion, stems are modified to store food.

32.  Name some plants where the entire stem remains underground.

ANS: In potato, ginger, onion, the entire stem remains underground.

33.  Potato is present below the ground. So is it a root or stem?

ANS: Though potato looks like a root, it is not a root. It is a modified stem.

34.  Why should we call potato a stem and not a root?

ANS: Potato is a stem as it has nodes, internodes and scale leaves.

35.  Name some plants which have very weak stem.

ANS: Plants like, grapes and pea, have very weak stem.

36.  Why plants like grapes and pea cannot stand upright?

ANS: Plants like grapes and pea cannot stand upright as they have very weak stem.

37.  What are tendrils?

ANS: Spring-like outgrowths, from the stem, or leaves, to support the plant are called tendrils.

38.  Write the function of tendrils.

ANS: Tendrils coil around some extra support, such as a pole or a branch of a tree and help the plant to grow upwards.

39.  Name one plant where the stem is modified to manufacture food.

ANS: In Cactus, the stem is modified to manufacture food.

40.  What is the function of stem in Cactus?

ANS: The stem of Cactus manufactures food.

41.  Define leaf of a plant.

ANS: The leaf is the green coloured, thin, broad and flat part of a plant.

42.  The leaf grows on the shoot at a _____.

ANS: node

43.  Where can we find the younger and smaller leaves on the stem?

ANS: The younger and smaller leaves are found at the upper part of the stem.

44.  The older leaves are found on the ______ part of the stem.

ANS: lower

45.  Name the parts of a leaf.

ANS: The different parts of a leaf are,

Petiole, lamina (leaf blade), mid-rib, veins and the tip.

46.  The expanded flat part of a leaf is called as the ______.

ANS: leaf blade or lamina

47.  The leaf is attached to the stem by a short structure called the ______.

ANS: Petiole

48.  The petiole continues through the lamina as a ______.

ANS: mid-rib

49.  How veins are formed in a leaf?

ANS: The mid-rib branches out in the lamina of leaf and forms a network of veins.

50.  How the veins help the leaf?

ANS: i) The veins help in transportation of the food material.

ii) The veins also provide support to the lamina.

51.  What are the functions of leaf?

ANS: i) Leaf prepares food using carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll in the presence of sunlight by the process of photosynthesis.

ii) Stomata present on the surface of the leaves help in exchange of gases during respiration.

52.  The pigment present on the surface of leaf which helps in photosynthesis is the ______.

ANS: chlorophyll

53.  The ______ on the leaves help in exchange of gases during respiration.

ANS: stomata

54.  Define leaf venation.

ANS: The pattern of veins, on the leaf, is called leaf venation.

55.  What are the two types of leaf venation?

ANS: i) Reticulate venation and ii) parallel venation

56.  Define reticulate venation.

ANS: If the veins on the leaf form a network on both sides of mid-rib, the venation is called as reticulate venation.

57.  Give one example of a plant whose leaves have reticulate venation.

ANS: Peepal

58.  Define parallel venation.

ANS: If all the veins on the leaf are parallel to each other, the venation is called as parallel venation.

59.  Give one example of a plant whose leaves have parallel venation.

ANS: Grass

60.  What do you mean by modified leaves?

ANS: Leaves performing special functions, in addition to their usual functions, in some plants are called modified leaves.

61.  What are the functions of modified leaves?

ANS: Modified leaves may perform either of these following functions,

i) to protect the plant

ii) to provide nutrition

ii) to provide support

iii) to reproduce

62.  Name one plant where leaves are modified to provide protection.

ANS: In cactus, the leaves are modified to give protection.

63.  State the role of spines - the modified leaves in cactus.

ANS: i) The spines protect the plant from grazing animals.

ii) They also reduce the loss of water during excessively hot climates.

64.  Spines in the cactus are modified ______.

ANS: leaves

65.  Name any two plants where leaves are modified to obtain nutrition.

ANS: In Pitcher plant and sun dew plant, leaves are modified to obtain nutrition.

66.  What are insectivorous plants?

ANS: The plants which gain their nutrition from insects are called insectivorous plants.

67.  Give two examples of insectivorous plants.

ANS: Pitcher plant and sun dew plant

68.  Name any two plants where leaves are modified to provide support.

ANS: Pea plant and Gloriosa

69.  What are leaf tendrils?

ANS: The leaves which are highly coiled and help the plant to climb upward are called as leaf tendrils.

70.  Name two plants that have leaf tendrils.

ANS: Pea plant and Gloriosa

71.  Name any one plant that reproduces through its leaves.

ANS: Bryophyllum

72.  _______ is the most attractive, and colourful, part of the plant.

ANS: Flower

73.  _______ is the reproductive organ of a plant.

ANS: Flower

74.  Name the different parts of a flower.

Ans: The different parts of a flower are, pedicel, sepals, petals, stamen and pistil/carpel.

75.  The part of the flower which attaches it to the inflorescence is the ______.

ANS: Pedicel

76.  Mention the function of the pedicel.

ANS: A pedicel helps to support the flower and put it in its position.

77.  What do you mean by whorls of a flower?

ANS: The rings of structures in a flower are called whorls.

78.  Name the whorls of a flower.

ANS: The whorls of a flower are sepal, petal, stamen and pistil.

79.  Name the outermost whorl (first ring) of the flower.

ANS: Sepal is the outermost whorl of the flower.

80.  What is the function of sepals?

ANS: Sepals provide protection to the bud before it blooms.

81.  Name the second ring of the flower.

ANS: Petal

82.  Name the part of the flower which is generally brightly coloured and scented.

ANS: Petal

83.  What is the function of petals?

ANS: Petals attract insects that help in pollination.

84.  Name the third ring of the flower.

ANS: Stamen

85.  Name the male part of the flower.

ANS: Stamen

86.  Name the two parts of a stamen.

ANS: The two parts of a stamen are: Anther and Filament.

87.  State the functions of each of the two parts of a stamen.

ANS: i) The filament provides support to the anther.

ii) The anther produces pollen grains.

88.  Name the fourth ring of the flower.

ANS: Pistil/ Carpel

89.  Name the female part of the flower.

ANS: Pistil/Carpel

90.  Name the three parts of a pistil.

ANS: The three parts of a pistil are: stigma, style and ovary.

91.  State the functions of each of the two parts of a stamen.

ANS: i) The filament provides support to the anther.

92.  Name the part of the pistil which lies at the top.

ANS: stigma

93.  Name the part of the pistil which lies in the middle.

ANS: style

94.  Name the part of the pistil which lies at the base.

ANS: ovary

95.  Define pollination.

ANS: The process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is called as pollination.

96.  Each pollen grain grows into a ______ on the stigma.

ANS: pollen tube

97.  Ovary bears small ball-like structures called _____.

ANS: ovules

98.  How seeds are formed?

ANS: The pollen grains fuse with ovules to form seeds.

99.  Define fertilization.

ANS: The fusion of pollen grains with the ovules is called fertilization.

100.                      State the main function of a flower.

ANS: Flower is the organ of reproduction in plants.

101.  State any two uses of flowers.

ANS: i) Flowers can be used for decoration purpose.

ii) Scented flowers can be used to make perfumes.

102.  Name any three flowers having good smell.

ANS: rose, jasmine and keora

103.  Clove is a ____ of the clove plant.

ANS: dried bud

104.  _____ can be used as spice and in medicines.

ANS: cloves

105.  What does a seed contain?

ANS: A seed contains a baby plant. It also has stored food for the growth of the baby plant.

106.  Define a seedling.

ANS: A young plant is called as a seedling.

107.  A seed germinates and give rise to a ______.

ANS: seedling

108.  State the functions of seeds.

ANS: i) The seeds protect the baby plants contained in them.

ii) Seed dispersal helps in the distribution of the species of plants and their better growth.

109.   Define a fruit.

ANS: A fruit is defined as a mature or ripened ovary.

110.What are the functions of a fruit?

Ans: The functions of a fruit are as follows:

i) It protects the seed against injury and other unfavourable climatic conditions.

ii) It helps in the dispersal of seeds.

iii) It stores food material, as in the case of tomato, apple and mango.

             iv) Fruits are the edible part of a plant.