STD 5 -CHAPTER 5: FOOD AND HEALTH, EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

1.      Why do living organisms need food?

Ans: i) Food helps us to grow and stay healthy.

ii) It also gives us energy to do work.

iii) This not only suits our tastes but also provides us with different types of nutrients.

2.      What are nutrients?

Ans: Nutrients are substances present in food that are required for proper growth and development of our body.

3.      Name some nutrients present in different food stuffs.

Ans: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals are the nutrients present in food.

4.      What does the Healthy Eating Pyramid indicate?

Ans: The Healthy Eating pyramid shows the proportion of food stuffs and nutrients that we should eat for making our food balanced and good for our health.

5.      Name the nutrients which are called as Energy giving foods.

Ans: Carbohydrates and fats are called as Energy giving foods.

6.      What is the importance of carbohydrates?

Ans: Carbohydrates provide energy.

7.      What is the importance of fats?

Ans: Fats provide energy and warmth.

8.      Name the nutrient which is called as body building food.

Ans: Proteins are called as body building food.

9.      What is the importance of proteins?

Ans: Proteins help to grow and repair worn out tissues.

10.  Name the nutrients which are called as protective foods.

Ans: Vitamins and minerals are called as protective foods.

11.  What is the function of Vitamins and minerals in our body?

Ans: Vitamins and mineral protect us from diseases. They are also needed for proper functioning of our body.

12.  Define Health.

Ans: Health is a state of complete physical and mental well being.

13.  What are the needs for maintaining a good health?

Ans: For maintaining good health, our body needs, i) a balanced diet

ii) Regular exercise

iii) Proper rest

iv) Good personal hygiene

v) Clean and hygienic surroundings

14.  Define disease.

Ans: A disease is any defect, or abnormality, found in the body.

15.  What is the cause of disease?

Ans: Diseases may be caused due to malfunctioning of some body part or due to lack of particular vitamins or minerals in the body.

16.  State the two main categories of diseases.

Ans: The two main categories of diseases are, i) Non-communicable diseases

ii) Communicable diseases

17.  What are non-communicable diseases?

Ans: Those diseases, which generally do not get transmitted from one person to another are, called non-communicable diseases.

18.  What are deficiency disease?

Ans: Diseases that are caused due to some deficiency in our diet, are known as deficiency diseases.

19.  How does Protein-carbohydrate deficiency affect our body?

Ans: Protein-carbohydrate deficiency may cause;

i) improper growth of the body

ii) Loose skin and sunken eyes

iii) Thin and light hair

iv) Person is inactive and gets tired easily

20.  Children of which age group are likely to suffer from Protein-carbohydrate deficiency disease?

Ans: Children, in the age group of 6 months to 3 years, often suffer from this type of deficiency disease, if they do not get a proper balanced diet.

21.  Deficiency of which mineral causes anaemia/

Ans: Iron

22.  What are the symptoms of Anaemia?

Ans: A person, i) looks weak and pale

ii) gets tired very easily

iii) is prone to different infections

23.  How does calcium-phosphorus deficiency affect us?

Ans: Deficiency of Calcium- phosphorus results in, i) weak teeth lose their shine and whiteness

ii) Weak, soft and fragile bones.

24.  Name the disease which is caused due to the deficiency of Iodine.

Ans: Goitre (enlargement of glands in neck)

25.  What are the symptoms of Goitre?

Ans: A person suffering from Goitre shows, i) swelling in the neck region

ii) Retarded growth

iii) Mental disorder

26.  What is the function of Haemoglobin/

Ans: Haemoglobin in blood transports oxygen and provides red colour to blood.

27.  Which mineral is needed for the formation of Haemoglobin?

Ans: Iron

28.  Name the disease which occurs due to the deficiency of Vitamin A.

Ans: Night blindness

29.  What are the symptoms of Night blindness?

Ans: A person suffering from night blindness shows, i) inability to see in dim light

ii) Dullness in eyes

iii) Dry and scaly skin

30.  Name the disease which occurs due to the deficiency of Vitamin B.

Ans: Beri-Beri

31.  What are the symptoms of Beri-Beri?

Ans: i) Extreme weakness

ii) Paralysis of body parts

32.  Name the disease which occurs due to the deficiency of Vitamin C.

Ans: Scurvy

33.  What are the symptoms of Scurvy?

Ans: i) swollen and bleeding gums

ii) Loose teeth

iii) Pain in joints

34.  Name the disease which occurs due to the deficiency of Vitamin D.

Ans: Rickets

35.  What are the symptoms of Rickets?

Ans: i) soft and weak bones

ii) Bow-shaped legs

36.  Name the first Vitamin to be discovered.

Ans: Vitamin B₁ (Thiamin)

37.  The outer layer of rice kernel contains a substance called _____.

Ans: Thiamin (Vitamin B_1­)

38.  Define the term ‘Malnutrition’.

Ans: Malnutrition is a term used for a condition caused by improper or inadequate nourishment. It often results in one or more of the deficiency diseases.

39.  How can one prevent deficiency diseases?

Ans: One should take a balanced diet containing all types of nutrients.

ii) One must follow good food practices and habits.

iii) Children must be given adequate amount of milk, milk products, and additional food items like juices, soft-boiled rice, porridge, etc.

40.  What are communicable diseases?

Ans:  The diseases, which generally get transmitted from one person to another, are called communicable diseases.

41.  Name the disease causing germs.

Ans:  Bacteria, virus, fungi, are the disease causing germs.

42.  How does germs enter the body of a person?

Ans: germs enter the body of a person through- nose or mouth, also with food and water taken.

43.  What are the ways by which communicable diseases spread?

Ans: Communicable diseases can spread, i) By insects

                                                                         ii) By air, water and soil.

44.  Name the diseases which are spread by mosquitoes.

Ans: Malaria, Dengue

45.  _______ spread plague.

Ans: Fleas

46.  Name the diseases which spread through air.

Ans: Common cold, measles and chickenpox spread through air.

47.  Name the diseases which spread through water.

Ans: Cholera, typhoid, jaundice, spread through water.

48.  How can we prevent the spread of germs from a sick person to a healthy person?

(OR) How can we prevent communicable diseases?

Ans: Communicable diseases can be prevented by observing the following precautions:

i)                    All the articles and clothes of infected person should be disinfected.

ii)                  One must always cover the nose or mouth while sneezing or coughing.

iii)                The surrounding must be kept clean and hygienic.

iv)                Water must not be allowed to stagnate around homes

v)                  We should change the water in room coolers, flower pots and other containers after every 3-4 days.

vi)                Vaccination must be done to prevent many diseases like measles, polio and chickenpox.

49.  Why should we not allow water to stagnate around our homes?

Ans:  Water must not be allowed to stagnate around homes, stagnant water is the breeding place of mosquitoes.

STD-4, CHAPTER-8: WATER SCARCITY AND CONSERVATION OF WATER, EXERCISE Q/As

 

A.     FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1.      The earth is known as a ______ planet.

Ans: Blue

2.      ______ and ______ are two major natural sources of water.

Ans: Rain and Snow

3.      Setting-up of factories cause a ______ in the level of underground water.

Ans: decrease

4.      Cutting of trees in the forests causes a ______ in rainfall.

Ans: decrease

5.      Use of water sprinkler for irrigation reduces the _____ of water.

Ans: wastage

B.      MATCH THE FOLLOWING:

1.      Cutting of trees in the forests                             (a) water conservation

2.      Collecting rain water for                                    (b) dam

day-to-day use                        

3.      Proper utilisation of water                                  (c) deforestation

and avoiding its wastage                                        

4.      A method of preserving large                             (d) rain water harvesting

quantity of water and checking

floods                             

      Ans:

1.      Cutting of trees in the forests                             (c) deforestation

2.      Collecting rain water for                                    (d) rain water harvesting

day-to-day use                        

3.      Proper utilisation of water                                  (a) water conservation

and avoiding its wastage                                        

4.      A method of preserving large                             (b) dam

quantity of water and checking

floods                             

 

C.      TICK THE CORRECT OPTION.

1.      Two major natural sources of water are –

(a)   Rain and wells                                      

(b)   Snow and rivers

(c)    Rain and snow                 

(d)   Ground water and rivers

Ans: Rain and snow

2.      Planting of more trees will help in –

(a)   Reducing the ground water level                                      

(b)   Setting-up more factories

(c)    deforestation                

(d)   increasing the rainfall

      Ans: increasing the rainfall

3.      We can avoid wastage of water by –

(a)   Using water sprinkler                                      

(b)   Over-irrigation

(c)    Washing our car with a jet of water                 

(d)   Allowing water to leak from taps

      Ans: Using water sprinkler

D.     ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF.

1.      How much of the surface of earth is covered by water?

Ans: Three-fourth of the surface of earth is covered by water.

2.      Name three sources of fresh water.

Ans: Rivers, streams and lakes are the sources of fresh water.

3.      State the effect of deforestation on rainfall.

Ans: Deforestation results in a decrease in rainfall.

4.      State two reasons that are leading to cleaning of forests.

Ans: : i) Forests are being cleared, for building houses and factories.

ii) Also, people cut trees for earning money by selling the wood of trees.

5.      State one utility of dams.

Ans: Dams preserve a large quantity of water.

E.      ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1.      State three factors that are responsible for water scarcity.

Ans: Three factors that are responsible for water scarcity are, i) Population,

         ii) Deforestation and iii) Setting-up of factories.

2.      How does setting-up of factories affect the ground water level?

Ans: i) The factories need a large quantity of water. So, they use underground water.

ii) Due to shortage of rainfall, underground water does not get filled up again as much as it is used.

iii) This has led to a sharp decrease in the level of underground water.

3.      State two ways to do rain-water harvesting.

Ans: i) Rain water can be collected in large underground tanks from where it seeps slowly into the ground.

ii) Rain water may also be collected in overhead tanks and used for daily needs.

4.      How should the fields be irrigated to reduce wastage of water?

Ans: i) Over-irrigation of fields should be checked.

ii) Water sprinkler should be used for irrigation. This reduces the wastage of water.

5.      State any three ways of conserving water at home.

Ans: We can conserve water at home by adopting the following measures.

i) Turn off the tap after using it.

ii) Use a mug and bucket to take bath instead of a shower.

iii) Get the leaking pipes and taps repaired immediately.

STD - 4, CHAPTER - 4 : PLANTS AROUND US, EXERCISE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

A.     FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1.      Plants, growing on hills, are tall, straight and have a _____ shape.

Ans: Conical

2.      ______ and ______ are two of the trees that grow on plains.

Ans: Mango, Banyan

3.      Breathing roots are also called ______ roots.

Ans: aerial roots

4.      ______ is an underwater plant.

Ans: Hydrilla

5.      Lotus stem is eaten as a _______.

Ans: vegetable

B.      MATCH THE FOLLOWING:

1.      Evergreen trees                             (a) rice

2.      Needle-like leaves                        (b) cactus

3.      No leaves                                        (c) mangrove

4.      Breathing roots                             (d) aquatic plant

5.      Air filled cavities                           (e) rubber and teak

6.      A cultivated crop                           (f) pine and cedar

      Ans:

1.      Evergreen trees                             (e) rubber and teak

2.      Needle-like leaves                        (f) pine and cedar

3.      No leaves                                        (b) Cactus

4.      Breathing roots                             (c) mangrove

5.      Air filled cavities                            (d) aquatic plant

6.      A cultivated crop                           (a) rice

 

C.      TICK THE CORRECT OPTION.

1.      It is a free floating plant -

(a)   Water hyacinth        (b) hydrilla          (c) coconut        (d) lotus

      Ans: Water hyacinth

2.      These are unwanted plants -

(a)   Cactus        (b) Grass          (c) Mangroves        (d) Weeds

      Ans: Weeds

3.      It can survive in soil with very little water -

(a)   Banyan        (b) Teak          (c) Rubber        (d) Cactus

      Ans: Cactus

D.     ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF.

1.      What are terrestrial plants?

Ans: Plants which grow on land, are called terrestrial plants.

2.      How does the conical shape help the plants of hills?

Ans: The conical shape of these trees does not allow snow to get deposited on them.

3.      Name two trees growing in hot and wet regions.

Ans: Two trees growing in hot and wet regions are - Teak, rubber, coconut, pepper, cotton, rice and banana. (any two)

4.      Name an underwater plant. What kind of leaves does it have?

Ans: Hydrilla is an underground plant. It has pointed and strap-like leaves.

5.      What is ploughing? 

Ans: The process of digging the soil or loosening the soil, is called ploughing.

E.      ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1.      List the different habitats of terrestrial plants.

Ans: The different habitats of terrestrial plants are,

i) Hills

ii) Plains

iii) Hot and Wet regions

iv) Marshy areas

v) Desert areas

2.      How is cactus plant able to grow in desert conditions?

Ans: i) It can survive in soil that has very little water.

ii) It has a green stem and well developed roots. The stem stores water.

iii) Cactus plant has spines instead of leaves.

3.      What are aquatic plants? State their types and give two examples of each type.

Ans: i) Plants, found in water, are called aquatic plants.

ii) Aquatic plants are of two types:

a)      Floating Aquatic Plants

- Free floating plants (Two examples are: Water lettuce and Water hyacinth)

- Fixed Aquatic Plants (Two examples are: Lotus and Water lily)

b)     Underwater Plants (Two examples are: Hydrilla and Kelps)

 

4.      What are cultivated plants?

Ans: i) Those plants which are grown in the fields by the farmers, are called as cultivated plants.

ii) The cultivated plants grow and give us the desired products.

iii) Examples: Sugarcane, maize, wheat and rice.

5.      Why should weeds be removed from the fields?

Ans: i) The undesirable plants in the field are called as weeds.

iii) They can harm the growth of cultivated plants.

ii) Weeds are removed so that they do not consume water and fertilisers meant for the main crop