STD-5, CHAPTER-5: FOOD AND HEALTH, EXERCISE QUESTION ANSWERS

 A.     FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1.      A _______ is any defect or abnormality found in the body.

Ans: disease

2.      Children, in the age group of ______ years, often, suffer from protein-carbohydrate deficiency disease.

Ans: 6 months to 3 years

3.       Minerals are present in _______ amounts in our body.

Ans: small

4.       The disease, that causes enlargement of glands in the neck, is known as ______.

Ans: goitre

5.      The diseases, that get spread through insects, air, water and soil, are known as _____ diseases.

Ans: communicable

B.      MATCH THE FOLLOWING:

 

1.      Anaemia                            a. Vitamin C

2.      Night blindness                b. Iodine

3.      Scurvy                                c. Vitamin B

4.      Goitre                                d. Iron

5.      Beri-beri                            e. Vitamin A

      Ans:

1.      Anaemia                           d. Iron

2.      Night blindness               e. Vitamin A

3.      Scurvy                                a. Vitamin C

4.      Goitre                                b. Iodine

5.      Beri-beri                            c. Vitamin B

 

C.      TICK THE CORRECT OPTION.

 

1.      Haemoglobin content becomes less when a person is suffering from -

(a)   goitre                (b) rickets          (c) anaemia           (d) beri-beri

      Ans: anaemia

2.      A person having swollen and bleeding gums, might be suffering from -

(a)   rickets              (b) scurvy           (c) beri-beri           (d) anaemia

      Ans: scurvy

3.      Germs of common cold spread through -  

(a)   air       (b) water        (c) soil       (d) mosquitoes

       Ans: air

4.      Deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates, in the diet of a small child, can lead to –

(a)   Weak bones                      (b) improper growth of body

(c)    Bleeding gums                  (d) bow shaped legs

      Ans: improper growth of body

5.      Legs become bow shaped due to deficiency of -  

(a)   Vitamin A       (b) Vitamin B        (c) Vitamin C       (d) Vitamin D

       Ans: Vitamin D

D.     ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF.

 

1.      State the two main categories of diseases.

Ans: The two main categories of diseases are:

i) Communicable diseases

ii) Non-communicable diseases

2.      Write two symptoms of the disease ‘Beri-Beri’.

Ans: Two symptoms of Beri-Beri are,

i) Extreme weakness

ii) Paralysis of body parts

3.      Name any two diseases that are spread through the bite of mosquitoes.

Ans: Two diseases that are spread through the bite of mosquitoes are: Malaria, Dengue.

4.      A girl finds it difficult to see in dimlight and has dry and scaly skin. Name the disease she might be suffering from.

Ans: She might be suffering from Night-blindness.

5.      Why should we not allow water to stagnate around our homes?

Ans: We should not allow water to stagnate around homes as stagnant water is the breeding place of mosquitoes.

E.      ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

 

1.      How does calcium-phosphorus deficiency affect our body?

Ans: Deficiency of Calcium- phosphorus results in,

i) weak teeth lose their shine and whiteness

ii) Weak, soft and fragile bones.

2.      Suggest some measures that can help us to prevent the occurrence of deficiency diseases.

Ans: We can prevent the occurrence of deficiency diseases by following the given suggestions.

i) We should take a balanced diet containing all types of nutrients.

ii) We must follow good food practices and habits.

iii) Children must be given adequate amount of milk, milk products, and additional food items like juices, soft-boiled rice, porridge, etc.

3.      How can we prevent the spread of germs from a sick person to a healthy person?

Ans: We can prevent the spread of Communicable by observing the following precautions:

i) All the articles and clothes of infected person should be disinfected.

ii) One must always cover the nose or mouth while sneezing or coughing.

iii) The surrounding must be kept clean and hygienic.

iv) Water must not be allowed to stagnate around homes.

v) We should change the water in room coolers, flower pots and other containers after every 3-4 days.

vi) Vaccination must be done to prevent many diseases like measles, polio and chickenpox.

4.      Isha was suffering from chicken pox. Her teacher advised her not to come to school till she has recovered completely. Why?

Ans: i) Chicken pox is a communicable disease.

ii) Isha needs proper care and rest to recover.

iii) If she comes to school, then her friends who will come in contact with her, will also get chicken pox.

So, her teacher advised her not to come to school till she has recovered completely.

5.      Why are deficiency diseases called non-communicable diseases?

Ans: i) Diseases that are caused due to some deficiency in our diet, are known as deficiency diseases.

ii) These diseases can not transmit from one person to another.

So, deficiency diseases are called non-communicable diseases.

STD 5- CHAPTER 4: ANIMALS- OUR FRIENDS, EXERCISE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 A.     FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1.      We keep ______ and _______ as pets.

Ans: dog, cat

2.      ______ assist police in search operations.

Ans: dog

3.      Kasturi is an ingredient of ______ deer.

Ans: Musk

4.      ________ of elephant have been used for making jewellery.

Ans: Tusks or ivory

5.      Extinction of frogs will increase the _____ population.

Ans: insect

6.      Food chains are found in all ______.

Ans: habitats

B.      MATCH THE FOLLOWING:

 

1.      Crab                             a. Pulling cart

2.      Oyster                         b. endangered animal

3.      Ox                                c. pearl

4.      Mountain goat          d. sea food

5.      Bald eagle                  e. Pashmina wool

      Ans:

1.      Crab                             d. sea food

2.      Oyster                         c. pearl

3.      Ox                                a. Pulling cart

4.      Mountain goat          e. Pashmina wool

5.      Bald eagle                  b. endangered animal

 

C.      TICK THE CORRECT OPTION.

 

1.      A delicacy made from the unfertilised eggs of a variety of fish is the -

(a)   kasturi        (b) caviar          (c) pashmina        (d) tusk

      Ans: caviar

2.      Which of these animals is extinct?

(a)   Bactrian camel              (b) golden lion          (c) quagga           (d) panda

      Ans: quagga

3.      The body part of rhinoceros, for which it is often hunted by humans, is -  

(a)   bones       (b) horns        (c) legs       (d) skin

       Ans: horns

4.      Humans are destroying habitat of animals by –

(a)   Planting trees                                      (b)  reducing water pollution

(c)    Controlling wildlife trade                 (d) cutting down trees

      Ans: cutting down trees

5.      Which of the following food chain is correct?

(a)   Leaves -> Frog -> Snake                                     

(b)   Grains -> Hen  -> Man

(c)    Acorn -> Rat   -> eagle

(d)   Plant -> jackal  -> lion

      Ans: acorn -> Rat -> Eagle

D.     ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF.

 

1.      Name five wild animals.

Ans: Five wild animals are: elephant, tiger, lion, bear and jackal.

2.      Give the meaning of the term food chain.

Ans: The process of ‘Who eats whom’ is called the food chain.

3.      How are human beings destroying the natural surroundings of wild animals?

Ans: Human beings are destroying the natural surroundings of wild animals by cutting down forests.

4.      Name the animals that can become man eaters.

Ans: Tiger, Lion, Jackal, Leopard can become man eaters.

5.      Which Act has been passed by the Indian Government to protect wildlife?

Ans: The Indian Government has passed the Wildlife protection Act to protect wildlife.

E.      ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

 

1.      State any five ways in which animals are useful to us.

Ans: Animals are useful as,

i)          Silk and wool that are used for making cloth, come from silkworm and sheep respectively.

ii)        Leather, obtained from the skin of animals like goat, sheep and buffalo, is used to make shoes, purses and bags.

iii)      Pearls, are obtained from oysters.

iv)      Many types of fish, prawns, lobsters and crabs, are used as sea food.

v)        Animals like horses, camels, elephants are used as means of transport.

2.      Differentiate between extinct and endangered animals. Give two examples of each type.

Ans: Extinct Animals: Those animal species which are no longer living on earth. Examples, Tasmanian tiger, golden toad, quagga, etc.

Endangered Animals: Those animal species that are in danger of becoming extinct, are called endangered animals. Examples, African elephant, golden lion, bald eagle, etc.

3.      What is wildlife trade? Why is it harmful?

Ans: i) The illegal hunting and poaching of animals for the sake of money, is called as wildlife trade.

ii) In this case, animals are killed for their body parts and sold at higher prices.

iii) It is harmful as it resulted in extinction of many animals.

4.      Suggest any four steps to prevent cruelty to animals.

Ans: Four ways to prevent cruelty to animals are,

i) Do not throw polythene bags in the garbage. Stray cattle can swallow them and they may die.

ii) Do not put birds in cages and fish in aquariums. They feel trapped in small spaces and their life span gets reduced.

iii) When visiting a forest, park or garden, one should not remove eggs of birds from their nests.

iv) Put some water in an earthen bowl and keep it outside, especially during summers.

5.      Some wild animals are hunted because their body is considered useful by man. Give four examples of such wild animals. Also mention the part of the body which is used in each case.

Ans: i) Animals like elephant, bears, rhinoceros, musk deer, are killed for their body parts.

ii) Elephants are hunted for their tusks or ivory.

iii) North and South American bears are also being killed for their gall bladders, which are then used to make medicines.

iv) Rhinoceroses are being hunted for their horns.

v) Musk deer is hunted for Kasturi, an ingredient of many perfumes.

STD 5 -CHAPTER 5: FOOD AND HEALTH, EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

1.      Why do living organisms need food?

Ans: i) Food helps us to grow and stay healthy.

ii) It also gives us energy to do work.

iii) This not only suits our tastes but also provides us with different types of nutrients.

2.      What are nutrients?

Ans: Nutrients are substances present in food that are required for proper growth and development of our body.

3.      Name some nutrients present in different food stuffs.

Ans: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals are the nutrients present in food.

4.      What does the Healthy Eating Pyramid indicate?

Ans: The Healthy Eating pyramid shows the proportion of food stuffs and nutrients that we should eat for making our food balanced and good for our health.

5.      Name the nutrients which are called as Energy giving foods.

Ans: Carbohydrates and fats are called as Energy giving foods.

6.      What is the importance of carbohydrates?

Ans: Carbohydrates provide energy.

7.      What is the importance of fats?

Ans: Fats provide energy and warmth.

8.      Name the nutrient which is called as body building food.

Ans: Proteins are called as body building food.

9.      What is the importance of proteins?

Ans: Proteins help to grow and repair worn out tissues.

10.  Name the nutrients which are called as protective foods.

Ans: Vitamins and minerals are called as protective foods.

11.  What is the function of Vitamins and minerals in our body?

Ans: Vitamins and mineral protect us from diseases. They are also needed for proper functioning of our body.

12.  Define Health.

Ans: Health is a state of complete physical and mental well being.

13.  What are the needs for maintaining a good health?

Ans: For maintaining good health, our body needs, i) a balanced diet

ii) Regular exercise

iii) Proper rest

iv) Good personal hygiene

v) Clean and hygienic surroundings

14.  Define disease.

Ans: A disease is any defect, or abnormality, found in the body.

15.  What is the cause of disease?

Ans: Diseases may be caused due to malfunctioning of some body part or due to lack of particular vitamins or minerals in the body.

16.  State the two main categories of diseases.

Ans: The two main categories of diseases are, i) Non-communicable diseases

ii) Communicable diseases

17.  What are non-communicable diseases?

Ans: Those diseases, which generally do not get transmitted from one person to another are, called non-communicable diseases.

18.  What are deficiency disease?

Ans: Diseases that are caused due to some deficiency in our diet, are known as deficiency diseases.

19.  How does Protein-carbohydrate deficiency affect our body?

Ans: Protein-carbohydrate deficiency may cause;

i) improper growth of the body

ii) Loose skin and sunken eyes

iii) Thin and light hair

iv) Person is inactive and gets tired easily

20.  Children of which age group are likely to suffer from Protein-carbohydrate deficiency disease?

Ans: Children, in the age group of 6 months to 3 years, often suffer from this type of deficiency disease, if they do not get a proper balanced diet.

21.  Deficiency of which mineral causes anaemia/

Ans: Iron

22.  What are the symptoms of Anaemia?

Ans: A person, i) looks weak and pale

ii) gets tired very easily

iii) is prone to different infections

23.  How does calcium-phosphorus deficiency affect us?

Ans: Deficiency of Calcium- phosphorus results in, i) weak teeth lose their shine and whiteness

ii) Weak, soft and fragile bones.

24.  Name the disease which is caused due to the deficiency of Iodine.

Ans: Goitre (enlargement of glands in neck)

25.  What are the symptoms of Goitre?

Ans: A person suffering from Goitre shows, i) swelling in the neck region

ii) Retarded growth

iii) Mental disorder

26.  What is the function of Haemoglobin/

Ans: Haemoglobin in blood transports oxygen and provides red colour to blood.

27.  Which mineral is needed for the formation of Haemoglobin?

Ans: Iron

28.  Name the disease which occurs due to the deficiency of Vitamin A.

Ans: Night blindness

29.  What are the symptoms of Night blindness?

Ans: A person suffering from night blindness shows, i) inability to see in dim light

ii) Dullness in eyes

iii) Dry and scaly skin

30.  Name the disease which occurs due to the deficiency of Vitamin B.

Ans: Beri-Beri

31.  What are the symptoms of Beri-Beri?

Ans: i) Extreme weakness

ii) Paralysis of body parts

32.  Name the disease which occurs due to the deficiency of Vitamin C.

Ans: Scurvy

33.  What are the symptoms of Scurvy?

Ans: i) swollen and bleeding gums

ii) Loose teeth

iii) Pain in joints

34.  Name the disease which occurs due to the deficiency of Vitamin D.

Ans: Rickets

35.  What are the symptoms of Rickets?

Ans: i) soft and weak bones

ii) Bow-shaped legs

36.  Name the first Vitamin to be discovered.

Ans: Vitamin B₁ (Thiamin)

37.  The outer layer of rice kernel contains a substance called _____.

Ans: Thiamin (Vitamin B_1­)

38.  Define the term ‘Malnutrition’.

Ans: Malnutrition is a term used for a condition caused by improper or inadequate nourishment. It often results in one or more of the deficiency diseases.

39.  How can one prevent deficiency diseases?

Ans: One should take a balanced diet containing all types of nutrients.

ii) One must follow good food practices and habits.

iii) Children must be given adequate amount of milk, milk products, and additional food items like juices, soft-boiled rice, porridge, etc.

40.  What are communicable diseases?

Ans:  The diseases, which generally get transmitted from one person to another, are called communicable diseases.

41.  Name the disease causing germs.

Ans:  Bacteria, virus, fungi, are the disease causing germs.

42.  How does germs enter the body of a person?

Ans: germs enter the body of a person through- nose or mouth, also with food and water taken.

43.  What are the ways by which communicable diseases spread?

Ans: Communicable diseases can spread, i) By insects

                                                                         ii) By air, water and soil.

44.  Name the diseases which are spread by mosquitoes.

Ans: Malaria, Dengue

45.  _______ spread plague.

Ans: Fleas

46.  Name the diseases which spread through air.

Ans: Common cold, measles and chickenpox spread through air.

47.  Name the diseases which spread through water.

Ans: Cholera, typhoid, jaundice, spread through water.

48.  How can we prevent the spread of germs from a sick person to a healthy person?

(OR) How can we prevent communicable diseases?

Ans: Communicable diseases can be prevented by observing the following precautions:

i)                    All the articles and clothes of infected person should be disinfected.

ii)                  One must always cover the nose or mouth while sneezing or coughing.

iii)                The surrounding must be kept clean and hygienic.

iv)                Water must not be allowed to stagnate around homes

v)                  We should change the water in room coolers, flower pots and other containers after every 3-4 days.

vi)                Vaccination must be done to prevent many diseases like measles, polio and chickenpox.

49.  Why should we not allow water to stagnate around our homes?

Ans:  Water must not be allowed to stagnate around homes, stagnant water is the breeding place of mosquitoes.